中国小菇属十个新记录种

报道了小菇科小菇属真菌10个中国新记录种,香菌组：橙盖小菇Mycena aurantiidisca、黄白小菇Mycena flavoalba、粉黄小菇Mycena floridula;棘刺组：异刺小菇Mycena heteracantha;纤柄组：碱味小菇Mycena amygdalina;脆足组：粉被小菇Mycena zephirus;冬生组：绣线菊小菇Mycena speirea、冬生小菇Mycena hiemalis;小菇组：绒柄小菇Mycena flos-nivium,分别来自吉林等11个省份、自治区。提供了每个物种的形态描述和线条图,以及与相近种的讨论。共计90条自测及下载ITS序列,在采用贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建的小菇属系统发育树中,新记录种均得到分子数据支持。凭证标本存放于吉林农业大学菌物标本馆（HMJAU）。     

Investigation of cellular morphology and proliferation on patterned electrospun PLA-gelatin mats

Journal of Biological Physics - The morphology and proliferation of eukaryotic cells depend on their microenvironment. When electrospun mats are used as tissue engineering scaffolds, the local...     

Erratum to: Phagocytic Activity of Rat Primary Astrocytes Is Regulated by Insulin and Ganglioside GM1

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology -     

The Content of Vitamin C in the Grape Grown under the Conditions of Southwestern Siberia

Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry - The grape is a highly valuable food stuff owing to the presence of a number of biologically active substances, and vitamins occupy a special place among...     

Results of testing the comparatory method: The curvature of the shell valve frontal section is inappropriate as a systematic character for the freshwater pearl mussel of the genus Margaritifera

This paper continues a discussion on the number of pearl mussel species of the genus Margaritifera in northern Europe. A biometric study of 1711 pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera shells from 15 rivers in Russia and Latvia (basins of the White and Baltic seas) has been conducted. All the examined samples fall into two groups: the northern group (with the shells more flattened on average, f. margaritifera) and the southern one (with more convex shells, f. elongata); the boundary between these groups is at 63° N. Analysis of intrapopulation variation has shown that the samples contain individuals that correspond to f. margaritifera, f. elongata, and f. borealis. However, any hiatus between these forms is absent in all the samples, and individuals belonging to two intermediate forms are rather frequent. The hypothesis on the species specificity of the shell valve frontal section has not been confirmed based on examination of large shell samples. The pearl mussels inhabiting rivers of Northern Europe belong to a single species, M. margaritifera.     

Interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO2 levels on metabolism and oxidative stress in two common marine bivalves (Crassostrea virginica and Mercenaria mercenaria)

Marine bivalves such as the hard shell clams Mercenaria mercenaria and eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica are affected by multiple stressors, including fluctuations in temperature and CO₂ levels in estuaries, and these stresses are expected to be exacerbated by ongoing global climate change. Hypercapnia (elevated CO₂ levels) and temperature stress can affect survival, growth and development of marine bivalves, but the cellular mechanisms of these effects are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether oxidative stress is implicated in cellular responses to elevated temperature and CO₂ levels in marine bivalves. We measured the whole-organism standard metabolic rate (SMR), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in the muscle tissues of clams and oysters exposed to different temperatures (22 and 27 °C) and CO₂ levels (the present day conditions of ~ 400 ppm CO₂ and 800 ppm CO₂ predicted by a consensus business-as-usual IPCC emission scenario for the year 2100). SMR was significantly higher and the antioxidant capacity was lower in oysters than in clams. Aerobic metabolism was largely temperature-independent in these two species in the studied temperature range (22–27 °C). However, the combined exposure to elevated temperature and hypercapnia led to elevated SMR in clams indicating elevated costs of basal maintenance. No persistent oxidative stress signal (measured by the levels of protein carbonyls, and protein conjugates with malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal) was observed during the long-term exposure to moderate warming (+ 5 °C) and hypercapnia (~ 800 ppm CO₂). This indicates that long-term exposure to moderately elevated CO₂ and temperature minimally affects the cellular redox status in these bivalve species and that the earlier observed negative physiological effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature must be explained by other cellular mechanisms.     

Metabolic effects of ganglioside GM1 on PC12 cells in oxidative stress depend on modulation of activity of tyrosine kinase Trk of receptors

There have been obtained evidences that not only GM1, but also other main brain gangliosides (GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b) increase viability of cells of the neuronal line PC12 under action of H₂O₂. By the example of GM1 and GD1a, gangliosides have been shown to produce a protective effect on PC12 cells under conditions of oxidative stress both at micro- and nanomolar concentrations that are physiological concentrations of gangliosides in cerebrospinal fluid. For the first time, GM1 at nanomolar concentrations was shown to decrease the H₂O₂-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was found that in the presence of inhibitor of tyrosine kinase Trk of receptors K-252a, GM1 at concentrations of 10 μM and 10 nM lost its ability to produce such metabolic effects as a decrease of ROS accumulation and of the degree of oxidative inactivation of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase in PC12 cells, as well as ceased to increase viability of these cells under conditions of oxidative stress. The dependence of protective and metabolic effects of gangliosides GM1 in PC12 cells treated with H₂O₂ on modulation of activity of activity of tyrosine kinase Trk receptors (i.e., from the same signal system) agrees with concept about the essential role of oxidant effect of GM1 in its increase of cell viability.     

川芎嗪对Aβ25-35诱导体外大鼠海马神经元细胞凋亡的影响

本文通过Aβ25-35诱导体外原代培养的SD乳大鼠海马神经元,建立Aβ毒性损伤细胞模型,结合AnnexinV-FITC/PI荧光双染法流式细胞术、MTT比色法、实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot方法检测川芎嗪(tetrameth-ylpyrazine,TMP)对原代培养的海马神经元细胞活性、早期凋亡率和Bax、Bcl-2基因表达的影响。结果显示川芎嗪高、中剂量可明显增强细胞活性,增加神经元细胞的存活率(P<0.01),可显著抑制海马神经元细胞早期凋亡(P<0.01),抑制凋亡蛋白Bax的表达(P<0.01),增强抗凋亡蛋白bcl-2的表达(P<0.01)。川芎嗪可通过调节Bax/Bcl-2平衡抵抗Aβ25-35诱导的海马神经元凋亡,降低Aβ的神经元毒性,对海马神经元损伤有明显的保护作用。