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21.
Analysis of difference spectra of protonated DNA: determination of degree of protonation of nitrogen bases and the fractions of disordered nucleotide pairs.
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The titration curves of nitrogen bases and fractions of disordered nucleotide pairs are obtained during DNA protonation. It is shown that purine bases are the first sites of the DNA double helix protonation. The cytosine protonation is due to proton-induced conformational transition within GC pairs with the sequence proton transfer from (N-7) of guanine to (N-3) of cytosine. Within DNA with unwound regions the bases are protonated in the following order: cytosine, adenine, guanine. It is shown that GC pairs are the primary centres in which the unwinding of protonated DNAs occurs. 相似文献
22.
V. S. Markin V. S. Sokolov L. I. Boguslavsky L. S. Jaguzhinsky 《The Journal of membrane biology》1975,25(1):23-45
Summary The electric properties of the bilayer lecithin membranes have been studied in the presence of the antibiotic nigericin. When the antibiotic concentration is about 10–6
m the conductivity of the BLM is increased up to 10–7 ohm–1 cm–2. The potassium ion concentration gradient gives rise to a transmembrane potential of the order of 40 mV per 10-fold concentration gradient with the side of the higher potassium concentration negative. The transmembrane potential produced by the hydrogen ion concentration gradient is a function of the potassium ion concentration which is equal on both sides of the membrane. For low potassium ion concentrations the hydrogen potential has the expected polarity with the solution having higher concentration of protons negative. For potassium ion concentrations exceeding 0.03m the hydrogen potential has the reverse polarity. This unexpected result cannot be accounted for in terms of the available simple hypotheses about the charge transport mechanism for nigericin in BLM. In order to account for the experimental results obtained, a theoretical approach has been developed based on the assumption that charge is transported across the membrane by nigericin dimers. The theoretical predictions are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The model also yields some predictions which may be verified in future experiments. 相似文献
23.
Iu R Malashenko V A Romanovskaia I G Sokolov T P Kryshtab E S Liudvichenko 《Ukrainski? biokhimicheski? zhurnal》1980,52(2):159-163
The biological role of exogenous carbon dioxide during substrate assimilation with a various degree of reductivity is evaluated. The investigation of metabolic pathways of carbon dioxide incorporation into the metabolic processes of methaneoxidizing bacteria shows that the HCO3- ion assimilation is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and in certain strains also by the key enzyme of autotrophic pathway of the carbon dioxide assimilation, ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase. The theoretical calculations and experimental studies indicate that exogenous carbon dioxide is a necessary participant of the metabolic processes of methane or methanol assimilation. It is also an acceptor of the excess electrons of these compounds. It is the degree of reductivity of the substrate metabolized that determines the activity of the exogenous carbon dioxide fixation by microorganisms. The carbon dioxide fixation by heterotrophic microorganisms must be considered, therefore, as a process which is mostly due to the elementary composition of the source of carbon under conversion. 相似文献
24.
A. V. Kuchumova Y. V. Krasotkina P. Z. Khasigov N. N. Sokolov 《Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplemental Series B: Biomedical Chemistry》2007,1(3):230-232
A method for polyethylene conjugation with recombinant asparaginase has been developed to improve therapeutically important properties of enzyme. Methoxy-p-nitrophenyl carbamate of polyethylene glycol with molecular weight 5000 was employed as the modification reagent. Optimization of the pegylation procedure resulted in high level of enzyme modification. Under 4.5 molar excess of the modification reagent more than 10 molecules of methoxy-polyethylene bound per one asparaginase molecular. The modified asparaginase retained 57% of initial activity. A simple and efficient pegylation procedure described in this work can be used for production of asparaginase with improved therapeutic properties. 相似文献
25.
Possible extracorporeal removal of a novel water soluble derivative of amphotericin B (NWSDA) from the host was studied. The bench tests demonstrated that actilen, a fibrous carbon adsorbent, was the optimal carbon sorbent for sorption of NWSDA. It was shown in the acute experiments on animals that during the hemosorption the antibiotic blood concentration on the outlet of the column was significantly lower than that on the inlet. Still, the NWSDA concentration in the blood lowered slowly which was likely due to the return of the antibiotic to the blood from the tissues. 相似文献
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250 Candida guilliermondii strains resistant to the polyene antibiotics nystatin, levorin and amphotericin B were obtained using UV irradiation. When the mutant strains became resistant to one of the polyene antibiotics, their resistance to the other ones changed. Phenotypic analysis showed that the resistance of the strains to polyene antibiotics did not make them susceptible to a rise in osmotic pressure and to a change of the temperature of incubation. Some of the polyene-resistant strains were stained in a medium with methylene blue. Analysis of the sterol composition in the mutants by UV spectroscopy showed that the resistance to polyene antibiotics sometimes involved changes in the sterol composition. Two new UV spectrum types were recorded for the sterols of the mutant strains; they differed from the UV spectrum for the sterols of the parent sensitive strain. 相似文献
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Treatment of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic with antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) is known to cause occasional unexplained depletion of white blood cells, especially neutrophil granulocytes. It has been known for many years that neuroleptics can interfere with the mitochondrial respiratory chain in vitro. Because there has been a growing interest recently in mitochondrial targeting of drugs, and since a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model that predicts mitochondrial accumulation of neuroleptics has been published, we investigated the effects of neuroleptics on white blood cell mitochondria. Venous blood samples were collected from both patients undergoing treatment with neuroleptics and healthy volunteers. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy. The resulting images of white blood cells were analyzed using stereology to compare quantitatively mitochondrial morphology in the patient and control groups. We found that in patients, but not in controls, there was swelling of mitochondria and fragmentation of the mitochondrial cristae. There also were fewer mitochondria in patients than in controls, although due to the swelling of the organelles, the volume density of mitochondria in the two groups was not significantly different. Such changes are typical of a toxic insult. Consequently, it seems plausible that, since schizophrenia is not a disease considered to affect white blood cells per se, these changes probably are due to the medication. 相似文献