Effects of Revegetation on Soil Microbial Biomass,Enzyme Activities,and Nutrient Cycling on the Loess Plateau in China

Revegetation is a traditional practice widely used for soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau in China. However, there has been a lack of reports on soil microbial–biochemical indices required for a comprehensive evaluation of the success of revegetation systems. In this study, we examined the effects of revegetation on major soil nutrients and microbial–biochemical properties in an artificial alfalfa grassland, an enclosed natural grassland, and an artificial shrubland (Caragana korshinskii), with an abandoned cropland as control. Results showed that at 0–5, 5–20, and 20–40 cm depths, soil organic carbon, alkaline extractable nitrogen and available potassium were higher in natural grassland and artificial shrubland compared with artificial grassland and abandoned cropland. Soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) and phosphorous (Pmic) substantially decreased with depth at all sites, and in abandoned cropland was significantly lower than those of natural grassland, artificial grassland, and artificial shrubland at the depth of 0–5 cm. Soil microbial biomass N (Nmic) was higher in artificial shrubland and abandoned cropland compared with that in natural and artificial grasslands. Both Cmic and Pmic were significantly different between the 23‐year‐old and the 13‐year‐old artificial shrublands at the 0–5 cm depth. The activities of soil invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase in natural grassland and artificial shrubland were higher than those in artificial grassland and abandoned cropland. This study demonstrated that the regeneration of both natural grassland and artificial shrubland effectively preserved and enhanced soil microbial biomass and major nutrient cycling, thus is an ecologically beneficial practice for recovery of degraded soils on the Loess Plateau.     

红藻氨酸癫痫大鼠海马GFAP基因调控蛋白表达的变化

目的和方法：用Southwestern印迹从红藻氨酸（KA）癫痫大鼠海马结构中筛选调控胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）基因表达的DNA结合蛋白;并观察其在海马内表达变化的规律,旨在从基因调控水平深入探讨癫痫反复发作形成的神经病理学机制。结果：Southwestern印迹的实验显示海马结构内有两种调控GFAP基因表达的序列特异的DNA结合蛋白,分子量分别为39kDa和35.5kDa;KA后1d,两种调控蛋白的表达即开始增加,5－7d时表达显著增加,3周时表达最多,3个月时表达仍很高。结论：KA通过上调调控GFAP基因表达的转录因子,使海马GFAP过量表达,提示该转录调控因子很可能参与一次KA后癫痫反复发作的形成。     

粉防己碱拮抗豚鼠庆大霉素急性肾损伤的实验研究

目的 :探讨粉防己碱 (Tet)在庆大霉素 (GM)急性肾损伤中的拮抗作用。方法 :将豚鼠分为对照组、Tet组、GM组和Tet+GM组 ,于第 1 1d留取尿标本和肾组织 ,测定尿中NAG活性 ,观察肾组织学改变 ,用免疫组化技术测定Actin和TGF β1 在肾脏的表达。结果 :光镜和电镜显示Tet+GM组肾脏病理变化比GM组轻 ,细胞凋亡也明显少于GM组。Tet+GM组NAG活性比GM组低 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而TGF β1 和Actin的表达在Tet +GM组高于GM组(P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :Tet能明显降低GM所致的急性肾损伤时NAG活性 ,减少Actin的破坏和细胞凋亡 ,诱导内源性TGF β1 蛋白表达水平上调 ,对GM急性肾损伤有拮抗作用     

17个新的C2H2型锌指基因片段的分离与克隆

按照Ｃ２Ｈ２型锌指基因保守结构域的ＤＮＡ序列设计一对简并引物,以人基因组ＤＮＡ为模板进行ＰＣＲ同源扩增,将由此获得的锌指基因片段为探针,从人胎肾、骨骼肌、骨骼组织的ｃＤＮＡ分子库中筛选到２２个Ｃ２Ｈ２型锌指蛋白ｃＤＮＡ片段,经国际ＮＣＢＩ数据库查询检索,其中１７个为新的锌指基因片段。对从胎肾ｃＤＮＡ分子库中分离到的Ｋ３－４和Ｋ５－１２克隆进行了表达谱分析,发现Ｋ３－４在肾脏中的表达量明显高于其他几     

A comprehensive gene network for fine tuning floral development in poplar

Herbaceous model species, especially Arabidopsis has provided a wealth of information about the genes involved in floral induction and development of inflorescences and flowers. While the genus Populus is an important model system for the molecular biology of woody plant. These two genuses differ in many ways. This study was designed to improve understanding of flower development in poplar at a system level, as its regulatory pathway to a large extent remains poorly known, owing to the presently limited mutant pool. To address this issue, a poplar GeneChip was employed to detect genes expressed during the whole floral developmental process. Using the expressed floral genes, a systematic gene network was constructed with the aid of functional association with Arabidopsis. The results suggested that autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization, photoperiod, ethylene, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways are involved in poplar flowering. Modularity analysis revealed several pathways in common with Arabidopsis, such as autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization and photoperiod pathways. In addition, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways were implicated as additional novel pathways. Notably, a difference in vernalization between Arabidopsis and poplar was revealed. Autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization, photoperiod, ethylene, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways integrated into a systematic gene network in floral development of poplar. Compared to Arabidopsis, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways are additional in poplar, and FLC is absent in vernalization pathway in poplar. Preliminary conclusions drawn here provide a basis for both identification of key genes and elucidation of molecular mechanisms involved in poplar floral development.     

环境无机汞对泥鳅视网膜S100表达影响

用含低浓度Hg2 的水饲养泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus),研究Hg2 污染对视网膜中S100免疫反应阳性结构数量及分布的影响。用免疫组织化学ABC法标记S100免疫阳性(S100-IR)细胞,显微镜下观察S100免疫反应阳性细胞并计数。结果显示,处理组S100首先在神经节细胞层(GCL)、神经纤维层(NFL)表达,然后逐渐在其他各层表达。与对照组相比,处理组S100免疫反应阳性细胞数显著增多,且该变化与环境中无机汞处理时间成正相关;阳性细胞胞体明显膨胀,突起稠密粗大,S100阳性反应强。研究提示,Hg2 的神经毒害作用导致泥鳅视网膜中S100-IR细胞数的增多。推测Hg2 污染可能对视网膜有伤害性影响,而神经胶质细胞在视网膜修复过程中起了重要作用。     

人胃癌BGC-823细胞中去甲斑蝥素抑癌作用机理的蛋白质组学研究

去甲斑蝥素是我国自行研制的抗肿瘤药物,在临床上主要用于消化道肿瘤的治疗．实验表明,去甲斑蝥素可引起人胃癌BGC-823细胞发生 M期阻滞及细胞凋亡．进一步利用双向电泳和质谱技术,筛选出了去甲斑蝥素抑癌作用相关蛋白．研究显示,线粒体热休克蛋白CH60、线粒体ATP合酶d亚单位、内质网葡萄糖调节蛋白GRP78、线粒体Hsp70的辅助因子GRPE1、SH3L3以及染色质组装因子1小亚基RBBP4参与了去甲斑蝥素的抑癌作用．研究提示,去甲斑蝥素可能通过促进线粒体热休克蛋白及p53的表达进而激活caspase-3依赖的凋亡通路,并且去甲斑蝥素在引发内质网协迫之后,可通过抑制胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal regulated kinase, ERK)的活性促进肿瘤细胞的凋亡．进一步分析了去甲斑蝥素与线粒体ATP合酶抑制剂寡霉素A的联合用药对人胃癌细胞生长的影响,结果表明,联合用药的抑瘤效果比单独用药的抑瘤效果显著,提示去甲斑蝥素可能通过抑制线粒体ATP合酶功能抑制BGC-823生长．上述结果为优化去甲斑蝥素的联合用药方案提供了新线索．     

猫嗅球外丛层和僧帽细胞层年龄相关形态学变化

分别用Nissl法及免疫组织化学ABC法标记青、老年猫嗅球中嗅觉二级神经元和外丛层胶质细胞,显微镜下观察其分布并计数,对嗅觉二级神经元胞体直径和外丛层厚度进行测量,比较其年龄相关性变化,研究神经元与胶质细胞之间的关系,探讨老年性嗅觉功能衰退的相关神经机理。结果显示,老年猫嗅觉二级神经元胞体直径和分布密度均有不同程度的显著性下降(P<0.05);外丛层厚度变化不明显(P>0.05);外丛层胶质细胞特别是星形胶质细胞显著性增生(P<0.05)。表明在衰老过程中嗅觉二级神经元有丢失,并呈现功能下降,可能是老年性嗅觉功能衰退的原因之一。同时外丛层胶质细胞增生以进一步保护神经元,延缓其衰老。     

Proteomic Analysis of Interactions Between the Generalist Herbivore <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spodoptera exigua</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis>

In this study, comparative proteomics was used to investigate the interaction of Spodoptera exigua and Arabidopsis thaliana. By using 2-D electrophoresis of differentially expressed proteins, combined with high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, the changes in the abundance of proteins induced by insect feeding were studied in A. thaliana. More than 1,100 protein spots were reproducibly detected on each gel. The intensities of 30 protein spots in particular changed significantly, showing differences in volume of at least twofold. Among these, 17 protein spots were upregulated, and 13 were downregulated following an 8-h insect feeding period. Nineteen insect-feeding-responsive proteins were identified, all of which were involved in metabolic regulation, binding functions or cofactor requirement of protein, cell rescue, and defense and virulence, as assessed by Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences function category. About 50% of these were involved in metabolism, including transketolase, S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3, 2,3-biphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase, beta-ureidopropionase, GDP-d-mannose 3′,5′-epimerase, and fatty acid synthase. The identification of insect-feeding-responsive proteins on Arabidopsis provides not only new insights into insect stress but also a good start for further investigation of their functions. Understanding how the plant responses to insects in the proteomic level will provide tools for a better management of insect pest in the field.