Inhibition of plasma prolactin in the rat by amantadine

A single iv injection of 15 or 30 but not 7.5 mg/kg BW of an antiviral drug, amantadine, significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations in male rats. This effect was dose-dependent, with the highest dose producing a longer-lasting decrease in plasma PRL. The amantadine-induced decrease was unaffected by a simultaneous injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (30 mg/kg BW) but was completely blocked by a simultaneous injection of haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg BW). It is concluded that this novel effect of amantadine on PRL is produced by an interaction with the dopaminergic system.     

Asplenetin,a flavone and its glycoside from Launaea asplenifolia

A new flavone, asplenetin, has been isolated from Launea asplenifolia and characterized as 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxy-3-(3-methylbutyl)flavone. Its glycoside, asplenetin 5-O-neohesperidoside, is also reported.     

Solvent influence on rate and mechanism of oxidation of ethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II) by periodate

The kinetics of the oxidation of Co^II(EDTA)²⁻ by IO₄⁻ were studied in various ethanol + water mixtures covering the range 7.9 to 58.0 wt% ethanol, at five different temperatures in the range 15–35 °C. The effect of solvent on the rate and mechanism of the reaction was investigated. An inner-sphere mechanism for the reaction was proposed and supported by the calculated activation parameters.     

A rapid procedure for DNA sequencing using transposon-promoted deletions in Escherichia coli

A simple procedure has been developed for sequencing long fragments of DNA. The fragment (which can be several kb in length) is cloned in pAA3.7X, and subdivided into many overlapping segments by Tn9-promoted deletions. The deletions are isolated by positive selection for galactose resistance. A rapid plasmid preparation from several hundred galactose-resistant colonies is fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis to pick a series of deletions terminating at approx. 200-bp intervals across the entire length of the fragment. Selected plasmids are purified by rapid alkaline extraction, and used directly for supercoil sequencing with a primer derived from IS1. Sequences of adjacent deletions contain overlaps which are used to connect individual sequences to give the complete sequence.     

Phosphoglucose isomerase isozymes in teleostean fishes from the Arabian Gulf

Two phosphoglucose isomerases (PGI) with different electrophoretic mobilities have been found in all groups of teleostean fishes studied, with the exception of the Clupeomorpha. PGI proved to be a good taxonomic criterion to differentiate members of the Nemipteridae, Sciaenidae, Platycephalidae and Stromateidae from the other teleost families.     

The invasion of Biomphalaria pfeifferi by Schistosoma mansoni miracidia and the development of daughter sporocysts

Laboratory experiments have been carried out to determine the susceptibility of Gezira Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails to S. mansoni miracidia and the relationship between miracidia and daughter sporocyst production at the 10–17 day development stage. The relationship between snail numbers, miracidia numbers and water volume has also been studied. Two non susceptible snails, Bulinus truncatus and Cleopatra bulimoides, both of which occur naturally in Gezira canals, were tested to see if they act as decoys for S. mansoni miracidia.The results showed that the B. pfeifferi are 100% susceptible to S. mansoni invasion, at least to the daughter sporocyst development stage. The more miracidia that penetrated the more daughter sporocysts were produced, however individual variation and overlap were great. When one miracidium was released to find one snail it succeeded in low water volumes (5 m, 50 ml), but failed in 5 litres. When 100 miracidia were released mortality of snails was high suggesting superinfection particularly when only one or five snails were available. Among survivors daughter sporocyst counts were very high. Cleopatra and Bulinus snails do have a decoy effect when present in large numbers. In their presence the number of infected snails was marginally reduced and the number of daughter sporocysts greatly reduced. However, if superinfection is reduced by decoy effect, it is conceivable that Biomphalaria may be protected by decoy snails in circumstances where miracidia counts are high.     

Zooplankton composition of ten reservoirs in southern Brazil

The zooplankton of ten reservoirs of Sao Paulo State was analyzed as part of a larger project, Typology of Reservoirs of São Paulo State.Twenty-four genera of Rotifera, six species of Copepoda and at least nine species of Cladocera were found in samples collected on four occasions in 1979. In general, Rotifera dominated in most reservoirs, although fluctuations occurred during the year.The reservoirs were arranged in four groups, according to zooplankton density, whose range was 10 to 500 i 1^–1.The average composition of Crustacea, in number of species at any one time is comparable to those of other water bodies, being a little higher than that of Colorado lakes.The number of species of limnetic Cladocera in Brazil is between those of Holarctic Region and Tropical Asia. Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Bosminopsis deitersi, and a few species of Daphnia are typical of Brazilian zooplankton. Thermocyclops crassus is common in the southern reservoirs but T. minutus seems to be more widely distributed in Brazil. Calanoida occurred in relatively few reservoirs in São Paulo and usually one species at one time. Brachionus and Keratella were more abundant closer to the Equator then to the Tropics, where other genera seem to be more abundant.The range in size of the planktonic Crustacea is relatively small when compared to temperate lakes, being similar to that of other tropical lakes.     

Spectral shifting by dyes to enhance algae growth

The photosynthetic growth action spectrum of a green alga at three bands of visible light (blue, orange, and red) at fixed quanta input and under light-limiting conditions was measured in a batch cultivation system. Quantum efficiencies (biomass dry weight increment per quanta absorbed) were better in the yellow-red region than in the blue region. Results served as a basis for the design and optimization of a dye system that would shift the energy of solar radiation to the required wavelength range by absorbing ultraviolet to blue radiation and emitting in the yellow-red, thus enhancing algae growth. Direct incorporation of dyes into the growth medium, although theoretically expected to enhance growth, in fact resulted in dye decomposition, toxicity to algae and consequently in growth inhibition. Indirect application of dyes in a double tubular reactor (algae inside and dye solution outside) demonstrated growth enhancement for certain dyes with high quantum yields and stability, which had suitable absorption/emission spectra for artificial light sources used. The maximum indirect growth enhancement was obtained using rhodamine 6G at a concentration of 3x10(-5)M with tungsten filament lamp sources.     

The effect of short-term fluctuations in pH on NO−3 uptake and intracellular constituents in Skeletonemacostatum (Grev.) Cleve

Measurements of uptake rates, intracellular nitrogen pools, and other key intracellular constituents were made during exponential growth in Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve under varying pH levels. An understanding of the overall effects of extracellular pH on the above mentioned cellular parameters is crucial in order to ascertain the degree to which pH must be regulated and monitored in laboratory experiments with marine phytoplankton.It was found that uptake rates and intracellular pool sizes of NO^?₃ were directly influenced by the extracellular pH level, whereas, other cellular compounds remained relatively unchanged. Therefore, nitrogen uptake and intracellular nitrogen storage are dependent on key H⁺ and OH_? ion transport mechanisms that are associated with phytoplankton metabolism. These findings reiterate the fact that investigators examining nitrogen uptake and assimilatory mechanisms in marine phytoplankton must be conscious of cellular H ⁺ and OH^? fluxes that contribute to intracellular pH regulation and changes in extracellular pH levels, both of which interact to affect phytoplankton metabolic processes.     

Recognition and response to alloantigens in vivo. I. Negative and positive selection of MLR reactivity in murine peripheral blood lymphocytes to major histocompatibility complex and Mls antigens

Specific mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) responsiveness to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) determinants, was depleted in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from mice 24 to 48 hr after i.v. injection of 5 to 7.5 X 10(7) MHC or Mlsa-incompatible spleen cells, respectively. Results of cell mixture experiments suggest that the generation of suppressor cells was not the explanation for this specific reduction in MLR proliferation occurring with these PBL responder cells. To gain additional insight into parameters involved in the recognition of allodeterminants in vivo, experimental manipulations of the host environment and donor cell inoculum utilized in the negative selection procedure were employed. For example, removal of the spleen in the recipient animal, an anatomic site in which injected allogeneic cells and corresponding host antigen-reactive cells (ARC) are trapped, still permitted the specific depletion in murine PBL of host ARC for donor foreign MHC antigens. This finding may implicate other sites such as the liver where unprimed host alloreactive clones are trapped. In addition, irradiation of allogeneic donor cells significantly reduced their capacity to trap alloreactive T cell clones in vivo, whereas heat treatment of the donor cells completely eliminated this ability, even though the Ia determinants were still expressed, measured by flow cytometry. After the negative selection period, kinetic analysis of proliferation showed that 3, 4, or 5 days after injection of MHC-incompatible allogeneic spleen cells, the PBL of the recipient showed specific hyperresponsiveness to the MHC-haplotype of the donor cells. Interestingly, these primed PBL responder cells had the volume distribution of small resting cells; thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL), positively selected by adoptive transfer of T cells to irradiated semiallogeneic recipients, are reported to be mainly blast cells. In contrast to the MLR hyperresponsiveness that results from priming with MHC-incompatible splenocytes, PBL, obtained at these later time points from mice primed with Mlsa-incompatible, H-2-compatible splenocytes, showed complete unresponsiveness in MLR to these Mlsa-bearing stimulator cells, as well as some nonspecific reduction in proliferation to MHC-incompatible stimulator cells regardless of their Mls genotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)