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941.
Leal E Fernández-Durán B Guillot R Ríos D Cerdá-Reverter JM 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2011,181(8):1035-1044
Repetitive aquaculture-related protocols may act as cyclic stressors that induce chronic stress in cultured fish. The sea
bass is particularly sensitive to stressful conditions and the mere presence of humans will disturb feeding behavior. In this
paper, we study whether chronic stress induced by repetition of acute stress protocols affects long-term feeding behavior
and growth performance in sea bass and whether exogenous cortisol may induce stress-like changes in these parameters. We demonstrate
that both chronic stress and dietary cortisol decrease food intake and have a negative effect on feed conversion efficiency,
severely impairing sea bass performance. Both experimental approaches induced changes in the daily feeding activity by lengthening
the active feeding periods. Fish subjected to a cyclic stressor modify their daily feeding pattern in an attempt to avoid
interference with the time of the stressor. The delay in feeding when fish are acutely and repeatedly stressed could be of
substantial adaptive importance. 相似文献
942.
Bezerra EH Rocha BA Nagano CS Bezerra Gde A Moura TR Bezerra MJ Benevides RG Sampaio AH Assreuy AM Delatorre P Cavada BS 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2011,(4):566-570
Diocleinae lectins are highly homologous in their primary structure which features metal binding sites and a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Differences in the biological activity of legume lectins have been widely investigated using hemagglutination inhibition assays, isothermal titration microcalorimetry and co-crystallization with mono- and oligosaccharides. Here we report a new lectin crystal structure (ConBr) extracted from seeds of Canavalia brasiliensis, predict dimannoside binding by docking, identify the α-aminobutyric acid (Abu) binding pocket and compare the CRD of ConBr to that of homologous lectins. Based on the hypothesis that the carbohydrate affinity of lectins depends on CRD configuration, the relationship between tridimensional structure and endothelial NO synthase activation was used to clarify differences in biological activity. Our study established a correlation between the position of CRD amino acid side chains and the stimulation of NO release from endothelium. 相似文献
943.
Ghada Choho Hikmate Abriouel Nabil Ben Omar Rosario Lucas López Elena Ortega Magdalena Martínez-Cañamero Amin Laglaoui Saïd Barrijal Antonio Gálvez 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(7):997-1001
A bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterium (strain 2.5) isolated from cow’s milk used in cheese production from Northern
Morocco was selected for its strong anti-listerial activity. The producer strain was identified as Enterococcus faecalis by molecular methods. Strain 2.5 carried the genetic determinants for the two-peptide enterococcal bacteriocin enterocin
1071, and the active bacteriocin was purified to homogeneity by reversed-phase chromatography from culture broths of the producer
strain. Strain 2.5 carried two plasmids (of ∼7 and 40 kb). Characterization of strain 2.5 at biosafety level indicated that
this strain is non-haemolytic, and lacks the genetic determinants for most of the virulence factors described in enterococci
(cylB, cylM, gelE, ace and agg) although it carried the genetic determinants cylA, efaAfs as well as determinants for the sex pheromone peptides cpd, cob, and ccf. Strain 2.5 was resistant to tetracycline, rifampicin, and ciprofloxacin, but it was sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin,
vancomycin, and teicoplanin. Results from the present study support the potential role of strain 2.5 as an anti-listerial
agent to be tested in traditional fermented foods. 相似文献
944.
Graciela Gil-Romera Mercedes García Antón Juan A. Calleja 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2008,17(6):653-666
New pollen results and radiocarbon dating from a valley mire in south-western Spain are presented. This is a region where
few palaeoecological records have been preserved and the sequence yields important new palaeobotanical evidence for the late
Holocene. The landscape is shown as having been largely open woodland, but more wooded than at present. The vegetation history
of the last four millennia in these montane territories of south-western Iberia is discussed in the light of anthropogenic
indicators, archaeological and documentary archives; fire incidence and climate change. Alnus is the predominant pollen type, although a decline is noted during the last couple of centuries. Its presence is connected
with local topography behaving as a phreatophyte, that is, a plant which obtains a significant amount of water from the zone
of saturated soil. A framework is also provided for the age and ecological dynamics of some major woodland taxa—Betula, Corylus, Ilex, evergreen and deciduous oaks, Ericaceae and Pinus. In addition, the natural status of several pollen taxa and local trends in biodiversity are discussed. We consider that
the results of our work will have important implications for the understanding of the vegetation history in a floristically
very rich area, with a noticeable diversity of woody taxa, and a relatively well preserved ecosystem structure. 相似文献
945.
Mike Maunder Angela Leiva Eugenio Santiago-Valentín Dennis W. Stevenson Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez Alan W. Meerow Milcíades Mejía Colin Clubbe Javier Francisco-Ortega 《The Botanical review》2008,74(1):197-207
While the Caribbean is a recognized “biodiversity hotspot”, plant conservation has not received adequate attention; particularly,
given the high levels of endemism in many plant groups. Besides establishing protected areas, there needs to be a sustained
effort to study the taxonomy, systematics and ecology of the flora. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown high levels of
endemism and conservation studies indicate a large propotion of the flora is threatened with extinction. Eight recommendations
are given for plant conservation in the region. 相似文献
946.
Randazzo-Moura P Ponce-Soto LA Rodrigues-Simioni L Marangoni S 《The protein journal》2008,27(6):355-362
Bp-12 was isolated from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom in only one chromatographic step in reverse phase HPLC on μ-Bondapack C-18. The molecular mass of 13,789.56 Da
was determined by mass spectrometry. The amino acids composition showed that Bp-12 presented high content of Lys, Tyr, Gly,
Pro, and 14 half-Cys residues, typical of a basic PLA2. The sequence of Bp-12 contains 122 amino acid residues: SLFELGKMIL QETGKNPAKS LGAFYCYCGW GSQGQPKDAV DRCCYVHKCC YKKITGCNPK
KDRYSYSWKD KTLVCGEDNS CLKELCECDK AVAICLRENL NTYNKKYRYF LKPLCKKADA AC, with a pI value of 8.55 and with a high homology with Lys49 PLA2 from other snake venoms. In mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm, the time needed for 50% paralysis was: 45 ± 6 min (1.4 μM) and
16 ± 6 min (3.6 μM). Bp-12 can induce indirect and directly blocked evoked twitches, even in the preparations in which Ca2+ is replaced by Sr2+, being the addition of d-tubocurarine required for direct blocking. These results identify Bp-12 as a new member of the Lys49
PLA2 family and shows that this toxin might contribute to the effects of the crude venom on the neuromuscular junction. 相似文献
947.
Insect-associated microbes exhibit a wide range of interactions with their hosts. One example of such interactions is the
insect-driven dispersal of microorganisms, which plays an essential role in the ecology of several microbes. To study dispersal
of microorganisms by leaf-cutting ants (Formicidae: Attini), we applied culture-dependent methods to identify the filamentous
fungi and yeasts found in two different body parts of leaf-cutting ant gynes: the exoskeleton and the infrabuccal pocket.
The gynes use the latter structure to store a pellet of the ants’ symbiotic fungus during nest founding. Many filamentous
fungi (n = 142) and yeasts (n = 19) were isolated from the gynes’ exoskeleton. In contrast, only seven filamentous fungi and three yeasts isolates were
recovered from the infrabuccal pellets, suggesting an efficient mechanism utilized by the gynes to prevent contamination of
the symbiotic fungus inoculum. The genus Cladosporium prevailed (78%) among filamentous fungi whereas Aureobasidium, Candida and Cryptococcus prevailed among yeasts associated with gynes. Interestingly, Escovopsis, a specialized fungal pathogen of the leaf-cutting ant-fungus symbiosis, was not isolated from the body parts or from infrabuccal
pellets of any gynes sampled. Our results suggest that gynes of the leaf-cutter ants Atta laevigata and A. capiguara do not vertically transmit any particular species of yeasts or filamentous fungi during the foundation of a new nest. Instead,
fungi found in association with gynes have a cosmopolitan distribution, suggesting they are probably acquired from the environment
and passively dispersed during nest foundation. The possible role of these fungi for the attine ant–microbial symbiosis is
discussed. 相似文献
948.
Cruz-Rangel S Hernández-Benítez R Vázquez-Juárez E López-Dominguez A Pasantes-Morales H 《Neurochemical research》2008,33(8):1518-1524
Activation of protein-activated receptor (PAR-1) by thrombin potentiates the hyposmotic efflux of 3H-d-aspartate and 3H-taurine from cultured cerebellar astrocytes. This effect is mediated by a thrombin-elicited increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels [Ca2+]i and the activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). These signalling pathways operate independently showing additive
effects if prevented simultaneously. The contribution of the Ca2+-mediated pathway to thrombin-increased d-aspartate or taurine efflux, evaluated by the inhibitory effect of preventing [Ca2+]i rise, was higher for d-aspartate (64% efflux decrease) than for taurine (40% decrease). The PI3K blocker decreased 48% and 36% d-aspartate and taurine efflux, respectively. Hyposmolarity increases phosphorylation of EGFR and c-src, but thrombin did not
enhance this effect. Blockade of EGFR/src phosphorylation marginally reduced (11–14%) the hyposmolarity plus thrombin efflux
of d-aspartate; taurine efflux was more sensitive to these blockers (18–26%). Since thrombin has no effect increasing EGFR/src
phosphorylation in astrocytes, the contribution of this transactivation pathway may represent the inhibition of the hyposmotic
efflux solely.
Special issue article in honor of Dr. Ricardo Tapia. 相似文献
949.
Micuda S Sispera L Hodac M Parízek P Fuksa L Brcáková E Cerman J Cermanová J Martínková J 《Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca》2007,56(3):307-313
The 24-hour urinary excretion of 6-beta-hydroxycortisol (6beta-OHC) and the urinary ratio of 6beta- hydroxycortisol/cortisol (6beta-OHC/UFC) have been proposed as noninvasive probes for human cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform (CYP3A4). In this study, we evaluated within- and between-day variability of 6beta-OHC excretion and 6beta-OHC/UFC ratio in nine Caucasian men with cardiac disease. Each study participant was asked to collect 24-hour urine specimens during four consecutive days in five standardized time intervals. Concentrations of UFC and 6beta-OHC were determined by immunoassay and the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, respectively. The HPLC method was accurate and precise, as indicated by the recovery rate of 96.5-103.3 % and less than 5.2 % and 6.3 % of the coefficient of variation for within-run and between-run assay, respectively. In patients, diurnal variations in UFC and 6beta-OHC excretion were parallel. Consequently, 6beta-OHC/UFC ratio remained stable during the day. Both, 6beta-OHC excretion and 6beta-OHC/UFC ratio showed significant relationship between 24-hour value and values measured in corresponding collection periods with best correlations obtained from night interval (22.00-06.00, r = 0.86-0.91). These results indicated that urinary 6beta-OHC excretion and 6beta-OHC/UFC ratio measured in overnight/morning urine could precisely reflect 24-hour values even in severely ill patients. In addition, a simple and sensitive HPLC method was described for determination of 6beta-OHC in urine. 相似文献
950.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The genus Melocactus comprises 36 species of globose cacti with the most derived traits in the Cereeae tribe. It is the proper study system to examine what are the most derived reproductive strategies within that tribe. This study aims to characterize the reproductive biology and to estimate the mating system parameters of two Andean melocacti, Melocactus schatzlii and M. andinus. METHODS: The reproductive attributes of the two species were described, including floral morphology, anthesis patterns, floral rewards, floral visitors and visitation patterns. Levels of self-compatibility and autonomous self-pollination were estimated by hand-pollination experiments. Mating system estimates were obtained by conducting progeny array analyses using isozymes. KEY RESULTS: The flowers of the two species present the typical hummingbird-pollination syndrome. Despite their morphological resemblance, the two species differ in flower size, pollen and ovule production and anthesis pattern. Their main pollinator agents are hummingbirds, four species in M. schatzlii and one species in M. andinus. Both cacti are self-compatible and capable of self-pollination without the aid of pollen vectors. Population-level outcrossing rate was higher for M. schatzlii (t(m)=0.9) than for M. andinus (t(m)=0.4). At the family level, outcrossing rates for most mothers of M. schatzlii were higher (t(m)>0.8) than for M. andinus (t(m)<0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Although the two cacti are capable of selfing, M. schatzlii is a predominantly outcrossing species, while M. andinus behaves as a mixed-mating cactus. Hummingbirds are the only pollinators responsible for outcrossing and gene flow events in these species. In their absence, both melocacti set seeds by selfing. Based on its low population size, restricted distribution in Venezuela, low rates of floral visits, and high levels of inbreeding, M. andinus is considered to be an endangered species deserving further study to define its conservation status. 相似文献