Half of the European fruit fly species barcoded (Diptera,Tephritidae); a feasibility test for molecular?identification

A feasibility test of molecular identification of European fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on COI barcode sequences has been executed. A dataset containing 555 sequences of 135 ingroup species from three subfamilies and 42 genera and one single outgroup species has been analysed. 73.3% of all included species could be identified based on their COI barcode gene, based on similarity and distances. The low success rate is caused by singletons as well as some problematic groups: several species groups within the genus Terellia and especially the genus Urophora. With slightly more than 100 sequences – almost 20% of the total – this genus alone constitutes the larger part of the failure for molecular identification for this dataset. Deleting the singletons and Urophora results in a success-rate of 87.1% of all queries and 93.23% of the not discarded queries as correctly identified. Urophora is of special interest due to its economic importance as beneficial species for weed control, therefore it is desirable to have alternative markers for molecular identification.We demonstrate that the success of DNA barcoding for identification purposes strongly depends on the contents of the database used to BLAST against. Especially the necessity of including multiple specimens per species of geographically distinct populations and different ecologies for the understanding of the intra- versus interspecific variation is demonstrated. Furthermore thresholds and the distinction between true and false positives and negatives should not only be used to increase the reliability of the success of molecular identification but also to point out problematic groups, which should then be flagged in the reference database suggesting alternative methods for identification.     

Effect of Alpha Linolenic Acid Supplementation on Serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA): Results from the Alpha Omega Trial

Background

Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) is the major omega-3 fatty acid in the diet. Evidence on health effects of ALA is not conclusive, but some observational studies found an increased risk of prostate cancer with higher intake of ALA. We examined the effect of ALA supplementation on serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker for prostate cancer.

Methods

The Alpha Omega Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00127452","term_id":"NCT00127452"}}NCT00127452) was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ALA and the fish fatty acids eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) on the recurrence of cardiovascular disease, using a 2×2 factorial design. Blood was collected at the start and the end of the intervention period. The present analysis included 1622 patients with a history of a myocardial infarction, aged 60–80 years with an initial PSA concentration <4 ng/mL. They received either 2 g per day of ALA or placebo in margarine spreads for 40 months. T-tests and logistic regression were used to assess the effects of ALA supplementation on changes in serum PSA (both continuously and as a dichotomous outcome, cut-off point: >4 ng/mL).

Findings

Mean serum PSA increased by 0.42 ng/mL on placebo (n = 815) and by 0.52 ng/mL on ALA (n = 807), a difference of 0.10 (95% confidence interval: −0.02 to 0.22) ng/mL (P = 0·12). The odds ratio for PSA rising above 4 ng/mL on ALA versus placebo was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.84–1.58).

Interpretation

An additional amount of 2 g of ALA per day increased PSA by 0.10 ng/mL, but the confidence interval ranged from −0.02 to 0.22 ng/mL and included no effect. Therefore, more studies are needed to establish whether or not ALA intake has a clinically significant effect on PSA or prostate cancer.

Trial registration information

ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00127452","term_id":"NCT00127452"}}NCT00127452. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00127452","term_id":"NCT00127452"}}NCT00127452.     

序贯式止血法用于腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术的临床研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中采用序贯式止血法对卵巢功能的影响。方法：将100例行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术患者按照抽签法随机地均分为对照组与观察组,对照组给予传统双极电凝治疗,观察组采取序贯式止血法,靠近卵巢门的髓质出血镜下缝合,远离卵巢门行皮质渗血电凝处理。比较两组患者手术前后雌二醇（Estradiol,E2）、促卵泡激素（Follicle-stimulating hormonc,FSH）、促黄体生成素（Luteotropic hormone,LH）及围绝经期综合征发生情况。结果：对照组术前与术后3个月及术后6个月E2、FSH及LH差异均具有统计学意义,观察组手术前后激素水平差异无统计学意义,且观察组术后与对照组术后上述指标差异均具有统计学意义;对照组患者术后月经紊乱、植物神经功能紊乱的发生率分别为14．00％与12．00％,观察组为2．00％及0％,两组差异具有显著的统计学意义。结论：序贯式止血法应用于腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中影响卵巢功能,效果显著,值得在临床上加以推广并应用。     

外周血树突状细胞CD83＋表达对胃癌术后病人预后影响及意义

目的：探讨胃癌外周血中树突状细胞CD83＋表达对预后的影响及意义。方法：选取2010年1月至2011年6月间我科收治的胃癌病人74例进行分析,均为原位癌或仅有局部淋巴结转移,以外周血树突状细胞CD83＋为研究对象,以术后生存时间为标准,对病人手术预后进行分析。结果：所选74例病人术后3周测得外周血树突状细胞CD83＋表达频数平均值（7．32＋1．88脚,以表达频数中位数7．32％为标准将74例病人分为高频组和低频组两组,每组37人。术后总体生存时间108周-413周,平均生存时间（207＋227）周,其中高值组平均生存时间（247＋121）周,低值组平均生存时间（118＋54）周,两组生存时间具有明显差别（P〈O．05）。结论：胃癌外周血中树突状细胞CD83＋的表达对接受手术病人预后有重要影响,可以作为判断病人预后的参考依据,对预后不良者加以对症及时干预以降低死亡率。     

姜黄素诱导人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的：胰腺癌恶性程度高、进展快、预后差,姜黄素对于抑制恶性肿瘤的发生和进程具有广泛的生物学效应。但姜黄素能否诱导人胰腺癌细胞凋亡,其具体作用机制如何？目前仍无报道。本研究拟观察姜黄素对人胰腺癌PANC．1细胞凋亡的影响,探讨姜黄素诱导PANC．1细胞凋亡的机制。方法：不同浓度姜黄素处理人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞,流式细胞仪检测PANC-1细胞凋亡率,并分析Caspase-9和Caspase-3活性的变化,同时通过RT—PCR和Westemblot分析PANC-1细胞中P53表达的变化。结果：PANC-1细胞经不同浓度的姜黄素处理后,可以显著诱导细胞凋亡,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性,提示姜黄素具有一定抗肿瘤活性。姜黄素能够同时增加Caspase-9和Caspase-3的活性,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性,提示姜黄素可能通过Caspase-9和Caspase-3途径来诱导PANC．1细胞凋亡的发生。RT—PCR和westernblot结果显示,姜黄素可以显著增加PANC-1细胞中P53蛋白表达水平。结论：姜黄素可以显著诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡的发生,提高Caspase-9和Caspase-3的活性,同时增加的P53表达,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性,提示姜黄素诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡的过程可能与增加细胞中Caspase-9,Caspase-3以及P53的表达有关。本研究探讨了姜黄素诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡的分子机制,为姜黄素的进一步应用提供了新的思路和理论支持,在人胰腺癌的临床治疗中具有一定的潜在应用价值。     

门诊高血压患者健康教育加个体化治疗的效果观察

摘要目的：探讨门诊高血压患者健康教育加个体化治疗的效果。方法：选取在本院门诊收治原发性高血压的患者258例,随机均分为观察组和对照组,每组129例。观察组使用健康教育和个体化治疗,而对照组使用常规治疗。记录并比较两组治疗前后对高血压病掌握情况,血压下降率,服药依从性,治疗后达标、并发症情况。结果：治疗前,观察组对高血压病掌握情况与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;治疗后,观察组对高血压诊断（91．5％）、高血压病因（98．4％）、高血压症状（100．0％）、高血压并发症（92．2％）掌握情况明显比对照组要好,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组服药依从性明显好于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组的血压下降率为81．4％,明显高于对照组49．6％,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组的达标率高达74．4％,明显高于对照组的34．9％,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;观察组未达标率和并发症发生率分别为25．6％和9-3％,明显低于对照组的65．1％和20．9％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：对不同高血压患者采用健康教育加个体化的治疗方法,对提高高血压的控制率和降低相应并发症的发生率有非常好的临床效果,值得临床进一步推广和应用。     

一条新的柱层析纯化路径对HBsAg免疫原性的影响

摘要目的：建立一条新的毕赤酵母表达乙肝表面抗原（HepatitisBantigen,HBsAg）柱层析纯化方法,保持HBsAg结构完整性和提高免疫原性。方法：毕赤酵母发酵料液经过菌体破碎、聚乙二醇沉淀、疏水层析、超滤和凝胶分子筛精纯,收集HBsAg合格样品液适当稀释后加入铝佐荆吸附,制成乙肝疫苗半成品免疫BALB／c小鼠。结果：纯化产物经SDS-PAGE银染鉴定得单一条带,分子量在23kD左右,凝胶成像软件分析纯度超过95％;该纯化方法得到的HBsAg颗粒电镜观察得平均直径为22nm病毒样颗粒,结构较均一完整;自制疫苗免疫小鼠后,其血清抗体水平高于葛兰素史克生产的Engerix—B（安在时）,存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：通过该方法纯化的HBsAg结构完整性良好,疫苗免疫效果优于酵母表达的Engerix—B,纯化路径简单高效,易于放大用于工业化生产。     

榆耳不同极性提取物的体外抑菌活性

采用圆滤纸片法,以金黄色葡萄球菌O41ermc、S19NMA1、ATCC25923和大肠杆菌ERcat、EΠ￡R、ATCC25923为受试菌种,对榆耳石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇和水不同极性提取物进行抑菌活性研究。结果表明:榆耳不同极性提取物对不同的菌种均有不同程度的抑制作用。