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41.
42.
Kajsa Sjöholm Björn Carlsson Lena MS Carlsson 《Central European Journal of Biology》2006,1(2):221-234
The leptin system regulates body fat mass through a feedback loop between adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. To test if
leptin responsiveness may be regulated we assayed hypothalamic response to leptin during the estrous cycle; when changes in
food intake are known to occur. Immature rats were treated with pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to induce synchronized
follicular development, ovulation and corpus luteum formation. Leptin response was estimated by measuring the in vitro induction of tis11, a primary response gene activated by STAT3-dependent cytokines in hypothalamic explants after leptin stimulation. In addition,
mRNA levels of the suppressor cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), a possible mediator of leptin resistance, were analyzed. Serum
leptin levels did not change between days 2 and day 3 (corresponding to proestrus and estrus, respectively) but the response
to leptin was higher on day 2 than on day 3 (p=0.05). Food intake displayed a tendency towards downregulation between day
1 and day 2 (p=0.057), and a tendency towards upregulation between day 2 and day 3 (p=0.072), although the body weight increased
on day of the study (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in hypothalamic expression of SOCS-3 between day 2 and
day 3. In conclusion, we have shown that leptin responsiveness changes during a hormonally induced estrous cycle in rats.
Our data suggest that a change in the hypothalamic response to leptin may cause the cyclic feeding behavior seen in rats. 相似文献
43.
Gotsman M Dusa C Nassar H Hasin Y Lotan C Rozenman Y 《International journal of cardiovascular interventions》1999,2(3):187-190
The Cutting Balloon consists of a standard balloon dilatation catheter with four microtome-sharp blades that incise the plaque and minimize arterial wall trauma. It was used in 31 patients; nine had calcified arteries, ten had non-compliant lesions, three had in-stent restenosis and nine had aorto-ostial lesions. Seventeen lesions were predilated, 28 were post-dilated and 18 required stent implantation. The procedure was very effective in aorto-ostial lesions, non-compliant lesions that were not responsive to high-pressure balloon dilatation, and was partially successful in calcified arteries. It has a very specific niche in selected lesions. 相似文献
44.
Lucotte GL;French MS Consortium 《Genetic counseling (Geneva, Switzerland)》2002,13(2):133-138
To identify the chromosomal localizations of the multiple sclerosis (MS) genes, we conducted a genomewide linkage analysis using eighteen affected families. A MS gene is linked to markers located in the 19q13.3 region (multipoint lod-score = 2.1). Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, located in this region, is an excellent candidate gene for MS because the ApoEe4 allele is acting as a severity allele in the disease. 相似文献
45.
46.
Substitution bias, rapid saturation, and the use of mtDNA for nematode systematics 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Only relatively recently have researchers turned to molecular methods for
nematode phylogeny reconstruction. Thus, we lack the extensive literature
on evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic usefulness of different DNA
regions for nematodes that exists for other taxa. Here, we examine the
usefulness of mtDNA for nematode phylogeny reconstruction and provide data
that can be used for a priori character weighting or for parameter
specification in models of sequence evolution. We estimated the
substitution pattern for the mitochondrial ND4 gene from intraspecific
comparisons in four species of parasitic nematodes from the family
Trichostrongylidae (38-50 sequences per species). The resulting pattern
suggests a strong mutational bias toward A and T, and a lower
transition/transversion ratio than is typically observed in other taxa. We
also present information on the relative rates of substitution at first,
second, and third codon positions and on relative rates of saturation of
different types of substitutions in comparisons ranging from intraspecific
to interordinal. Silent sites saturate extremely quickly, presumably owing
to the substitution bias and, perhaps, to an accelerated mutation rate.
Results emphasize the importance of using only the most closely related
sequences in order to infer patterns of substitution accurately for
nematodes or for other taxa having strongly composition-biased DNA. ND4
also shows high amino acid polymorphism at both the intra- and
interspecific levels, and in higher level comparisons, there is evidence of
saturation at variable amino acid sites. In general, we recommend using
mtDNA coding genes only for phylogenetics of relatively closely related
nematode species and, even then, using only nonsynonymous substitutions and
the more conserved mitochondrial genes (e.g., cytochrome oxidases). On the
other hand, the high substitution rate in genes such as ND4 should make
them excellent for population genetics studies, identifying cryptic
species, and resolving relationships among closely related congeners when
other markers show insufficient variation.
相似文献
47.
Differentiation-associated modulation of heparan sulfate structure and function in CaCo-2 colon carcinoma cells 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Salmivirta M; Safaiyan F; Prydz K; Andresen MS; Aryan M; Kolset SO 《Glycobiology》1998,8(10):1029-1036
Heparan sulfate species expressed by different cell and tissue types differ
in their structural and functional properties. Limited information is
available on differences in regulation of heparan sulfate biosynthesis
within a single tissue or cell population under different conditions. We
have approached this question by studying the effect of cell
differentiation on the biosynthesis and function of heparan sulfate in
human colon carcinoma cells (CaCo-2). These cells undergo spontaneous
differentiation in culture when grown on semipermeable supports; the
differentiated cells show phenotypic similarity to small intestine
enterocytes. Metabolically labeled heparan sulfate was isolated from the
apical and basolateral media from cultures of differentiated and
undifferentiated cells. Compositional analysis of disaccharides, derived
from the contiguous N-sulfated regions of heparan sulfate, indicated a
greater proportion of 2-O- sulfated iduronic acid units and a smaller
amount of 6-O-sulfated glucosamine units in differentiated than in
undifferentiated cells. By contrast, the overall degree of sulfation, the
chain length and the size distribution of the N-acetylated regions were
similar regardless the differentiation status of the cells. The structural
changes were found to affect the binding of heparan sulfate to the long
isoform of platelet-derived growth factor A chain but not to fibroblast
growth factor 2. These findings show that heparan sulfate structures change
during cell differentiation and that heparan sulfate-growth factor
interactions may be affected by such changes.
相似文献
48.
Kemmer D Huang Y Shah SP Lim J Brumm J Yuen MM Ling J Xu T Wasserman WW Ouellette BF 《Genome biology》2005,6(12):R106
We developed Ulysses as a user-oriented system that uses a process called Interolog Analysis for the parallel analysis and
display of protein interactions detected in various species. Ulysses was designed to perform such Interolog Analysis by the
projection of model organism interaction data onto homologous human proteins, and thus serves as an accelerator for the analysis
of uncharacterized human proteins. The relevance of projections was assessed and validated against published reference collections.
All source code is freely available, and the Ulysses system can be accessed via a web interface . 相似文献
49.
Greiciane MS Florim Heloisa C Caldas Julio CR de Melo Maria Alice SF Baptista Ida MM Fernandes Marcela Savoldi-Barbosa Gustavo H Goldman Mario Abbud-Filho 《Arthritis research & therapy》2015,17(1)
IntroductionMicrochimeric male fetal cells (MFCs) have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, and published studies have further correlated MFC with lupus nephritis (LN). In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of MFC in the renal tissue of patients with LN.MethodsTwenty-seven renal biopsies were evaluated: Fourteen were from women with clinical and laboratory findings of LN, and thirteen were from controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from kidney biopsies, and the male fetal DNA was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions for the detection of specific Y chromosome sequences.ResultsMFCs were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 of patients with LN, whereas no MFCs were found in the control group (P = 0.0006). No differences in pregnancy history were found between patients with LN and the control group. Significantly higher amounts of MFCs were found in patients with LN with serum creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dl. Furthermore, women with MFCs had significantly better renal function at the time of biopsy (P = 0.03). In contrast, patients with LN without MFCs presented with more severe forms of glomerulonephritis (World Health Organization class IV = 60% and class V = 40%).ConclusionsOur data indicate a high prevalence of MFCs in renal biopsy specimens from women with LN, suggesting a role for MFCs in the etiology of LN. The present report also provides some evidence that MFCs could have a beneficial effect in this disease.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0615-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献50.
Tobias Goldmann Nicolas Zeller Jenni Raasch Katrin Kierdorf Kathrin Frenzel Lars Ketscher Anja Basters Ori Staszewski Stefanie M Brendecke Alena Spiess Tuan Leng Tay Clemens Kreutz Jens Timmer Grazia MS Mancini Thomas Blank Günter Fritz Knut Biber Roland Lang Danielle Malo Doron Merkler Mathias Heikenwälder Marco Prinz 《The EMBO journal》2015,34(12):1612-1629
Microglia are tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that control tissue homeostasis. Microglia dysregulation is thought to be causal for a group of neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, called “microgliopathies”. However, how the intracellular stimulation machinery in microglia is controlled is poorly understood. Here, we identified the ubiquitin‐specific protease (Usp) 18 in white matter microglia that essentially contributes to microglial quiescence. We further found that microglial Usp18 negatively regulates the activation of Stat1 and concomitant induction of interferon‐induced genes, thereby terminating IFN signaling. The Usp18‐mediated control was independent from its catalytic activity but instead required the interaction with Ifnar2. Additionally, the absence of Ifnar1 restored microglial activation, indicating a tonic IFN signal which needs to be negatively controlled by Usp18 under non‐diseased conditions. These results identify Usp18 as a critical negative regulator of microglia activation and demonstrate a protective role of Usp18 for microglia function by regulating the Ifnar pathway. The findings establish Usp18 as a new molecule preventing destructive microgliopathy. 相似文献