基于景感生态学促进生态产品价值实现的方法

建立健全生态产品价值实现机制,迫切需要创新研究思路,突破思维束缚,深挖生态产品价值内涵。从景感生态学原理阐释生态产品属性,梳理生态产品供给特点,分析生态产品消费特征,进而理顺生态系统服务、生态产品、消费者感知与享用转化完整链条。研究发现,景感生态学关键原理与生态产品特征密切对接,景感生态方法能够显化生态产品普及和消费路径,景感指数能够有效度量生态产品数量、质量和溢价。研究认为,基于景感生态学的理论与方法将有助于引导人民群众认识生态产品的科学价值内涵、多样化表现形式,尤其是助力文化服务类生态产品价值转化。根据分析结果提出当前的生态产品价值转化工作具体建议：(1)在生态产品信息调查过程中,要注重与生态产品载体密切相关的光、热、水、土、地磁、放射性和地形地貌等环境信息获取,在基础测绘、自然资源调查基础上追加生态服务关键属性;(2)在制定生态产品目录清单中,应指明该类生态服务形式和对人的感官直接刺激的服务作用,并具体到对人们的视觉、嗅觉、听觉、味觉、光觉、触觉,以及身心健康的整体影响;(3)生态产品供给过程中要注重对人的心理感知,包括宗教、文化、愿景、隐喻、安全等属性的综合考量,保障自然属性与...     

Dimethyl sulfide emission behavior from landfill site with air and water control

Municipal solid waste landfills are responsible for odors affecting the environment and human health. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is one of the major odorous compounds known for its low odor threshold and wide distribution. This study examined the generation, migration and emission of DMS in four artificial landfill-simulating reactors: Reactor 1 and Reactor 2, running under anaerobic and semi-aerobic conditions, respectively, without leachate recirculation; and Reactor 3 and Reactor 4, running under anaerobic and semi-aerobic conditions, respectively, with leachate recirculation. From the odor control perspective, aeration can efficiently inhibit maximum DMS headspace concentration by 31.7–93.7%, especially with the functioning of leachate recirculation. However, leachate recirculation in anaerobic conditions may double the DMS emission concentration but may also shorten the period over which DMS is effective because of the upward migration of liquid DMS in the recirculated leachate. The DMS generation was active in the acidification and methane fermentation phase of the simulated landfill and was possibly affected by the volatile fatty acid concentration, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon concentration and pH of the leachate, as well as total organic carbon in the refuse. Most significantly, DMS emission can be effectually dealt with by aeration along with leachate recirculation.     

Docking-assisted 3D-QSAR studies on xanthones as <Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis>-glucosidase inhibitors

Recently, a series of xanthone analogues has been identified as α-glucosidase inhibitors. To provide deeper insight into the three-dimensional (3D) structural requirements for the activities of these molecules, CoMFA and CoMSIA approaches were employed on 54 xanthones to construct 3D-QSAR models. Their bioactive conformations were first investigated by docking studies and optimized by subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the homology modeled structure of the target protein. Based on the docking/MD-determined conformers, 3D-QSAR studies generated several significant models in terms of 47 molecules as the training set. The best model (CoMSIA-SHA) yielded q ² of 0.713, r ² of 0.967 and F of 140.250. The robustness of the model was further externally confirmed by a test set of the remaining molecules (q ² = 0.793, r ² = 0.902, and k = 0.905). Contour maps provided much information for future design and optimization of new compounds with high inhibitory activities towards α-glucosidase.

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Graphical Abstract CoMSIA/SHA contour map of xanthone α-glucosidase inhibitor

     

Enhanced immunogenicity of gp120 protein when combined with recombinant DNA priming to generate antibodies that neutralize the JR-FL primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Strategies are needed for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine development that improves the neutralizing antibody response against primary isolates of the virus. Here we examined recombinant DNA priming followed by subunit protein boosting as a strategy to generate neutralizing antibodies. Both plasmid-based and recombinant protein envelope (Env) glycoprotein immunogens were derived from a primary viral isolate, JR-FL. Serum from rabbits immunized with either gp120 or gp140 DNA vaccines delivered by gene gun inoculation followed by recombinant gp120 protein boosting was capable of neutralizing JR-FL. Neither the DNA vaccines alone nor the gp120 protein alone generated a detectable neutralizing antibody response against this virus. Neutralizing antibody responses using gp120 DNA and gp140 DNA for priming were similar. The results suggest that Env DNA priming followed by gp120 protein boosting provides an advantage over either approach alone for generating a detectable neutralizing antibody response against primary isolates that are not easily neutralized.     

N-arylaminonitriles as bioavailable peptidomimetic inhibitors of cathepsin B

To improve the pharmacokinetics of a previously reported series of dipeptidyl nitrile cathepsin B inhibitors, the P(2)-P(3) amide group was replaced with an arylamine. Further optimization of this template resulted in highly potent and selective inhibitors with excellent oral availability.