专一转化人参二醇类皂苷Rb1为Rd的真菌菌株的筛选

于2009年的7－10月间在辽宁省的桓仁,吉林省的集安、靖宇、抚松等药材产区采集人参及人参根际土壤样品45份。通过真菌分离和培养,共获得真菌菌株105株,经形态学鉴定分属于15属48种。通过活性筛选,得到具有转化人参总皂苷活性的菌株25株,其中菌株SR87和SR105对人参皂苷Rb1具有专一转化活性。通过TLC和HPLC检测,其转化产物为人参皂苷Rd。经形态学鉴定,确定阳性菌株SR87为莫勒接霉Zygorhynchus moelleri,SR105为灰绿犁头霉Absidia glauca。这两株真菌均有较高的转化潜力,可以应用于制备人参皂苷Rd。     

Cryptic phenology in plants: Case studies,implications, and recommendations

Plant phenology—the timing of cyclic or recurrent biological events in plants—offers insight into the ecology, evolution, and seasonality of plant‐mediated ecosystem processes. Traditionally studied phenologies are readily apparent, such as flowering events, germination timing, and season‐initiating budbreak. However, a broad range of phenologies that are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of plants, and to global biogeochemical cycles and climate change predictions, have been neglected because they are “cryptic”—that is, hidden from view (e.g., root production) or difficult to distinguish and interpret based on common measurements at typical scales of examination (e.g., leaf turnover in evergreen forests). We illustrate how capturing cryptic phenology can advance scientific understanding with two case studies: wood phenology in a deciduous forest of the northeastern USA and leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests of Amazonia. Drawing on these case studies and other literature, we argue that conceptualizing and characterizing cryptic plant phenology is needed for understanding and accurate prediction at many scales from organisms to ecosystems. We recommend avenues of empirical and modeling research to accelerate discovery of cryptic phenological patterns, to understand their causes and consequences, and to represent these processes in terrestrial biosphere models.     

定向进化提高来源于Arthrobacter ramosus的MTHase的热稳定性

麦芽寡糖基海藻糖水解酶(mahosyhrehalose hydrolase,MTHase)是以淀粉或麦芽糊精为底物制备海藻糖的关键酶之一.来源于Arthrobacter ramosus的MTHase,表达量好,比活高,但热稳定性差,限制了其工业化应用.采用定向进化技术,筛选得到L137M和A216T两个突变体,在60℃...     

西藏中部退化土壤在不同培肥措施下的肥力特征

于西藏中部春播条件下就不同培肥方式对退化土壤物理、化学和生物性质的影响以及土壤肥力因子间的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明 ,化肥、有机肥 ,特别是有机 -无机肥配合施用在协调土壤环境 ,促进以细菌为主导的土壤微生物繁殖以及土壤有机质、土壤团粒结构形成和土壤养分转化等方面具有重要作用 ;退化土壤物理、化学和生物性质呈现出变化特征的相对一致性 ,并在总体上呈现出较为明显的恢复态势 ,突出地反映了高原高寒以及干旱、半干旱条件下退化土壤所具有的在相对较短的时间内实现肥力恢复及结构重建的可能性及其潜力。石灰性土壤条件下 ,耕层土壤有机质以及不同土层全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷的绝对增长量较大。同时 ,不同培肥方式对不同土层土壤真菌、固氮菌以及耕层土壤放线菌的繁殖普遍具有不同程度的抑制作用 ;不同土层土壤固氮菌与纤维素分解菌均呈负相关。     

地鼠肾细胞狂犬病纯化疫苗临床研究观察

了解地鼠肾细胞狂犬病纯化疫苗接种安全性及有效性。分别以 1.0ml及 0 .5ml的剂量 ,按暴露后及暴露前免疫程序给 313人接种 ,用小鼠中和试验法检测血清中和抗体效价。结果显示 :临床副反应轻微 ,副反应率为0 .89%～ 15 % ;免疫全量疫苗和半量疫苗的人群均获保护力 ,抗体阳转率为 10 0 % ,免后抗体GMT滴度分别为35 .2IU/ml(n =32 )和 31.4IU/ml(n =37) ,经检验两组无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;免疫全量疫苗和半量疫苗两组的免疫前、后相比 ,经检验有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,表明疫苗安全有效     

精子载体法转基因动物的分子机制与制备策略

精子载体法转基因由于具有简便易行、对胚胎发育影响小的特点而成为最具诱惑力的转基因方法之一,因此研究者们在不同的水平上对该方法进行了研究。从分子水平上简要分析了探讨精子结合外源DNA及其内化转运的机制、外源DNA在精细胞内的存在和降解;基于各种理论研究的进展总结了精子载体法制备转基因动物的策略。     

千山油松年轮宽度年表的建立及其与气候的关系

以千山油松为样本,建立了年轮宽度标准化年表、差值年表和自回归年表.结果表明,油松年轮宽度与5—7和9—11月温度指标的相关性较高,且与低温呈正相关,其中与7月的极端最低温、9月的平均最低温显著相关.3种年表与上年12月和当年1月的极端最低温、1月的平均最低温呈显著相关,且其与全年、上年12月、当年5月的降水量显著相关,与4月的降水量极显著相关.油松与水汽压、相对湿度的月和年指标均有较强的相关性.蒸发的年指标和绝大部分月指标对油松生长具有负效应,其中4—7月最明显.油松年表的窄化突变佐证了1800年以来的30次主要的旱灾年历史记录.千山油松的生长受全球或半球尺度气候变化的影响.年表与太阳活动存在显著的11、23和50年左右的公共周期,与地磁指标在10、20和45年左右存在共同的周期变化.     

Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I improves glucose metabolism independently of AMPK activation

Accumulating evidences showed metformin and berberine, well‐known glucose‐lowering agents, were able to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I. In this study, we aimed to explore the antihyperglycaemic effect of complex I inhibition. Rotenone, amobarbital and gene silence of NDUFA13 were used to inhibit complex I. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed in db/db mice. Lactate release and glucose consumption were measured to investigate glucose metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Glucose output was measured in primary hepatocytes. Compound C and adenoviruses expressing dominant negative AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1/2 were exploited to inactivate AMPK pathway. Cellular NAD⁺/NADH ratio was assayed to evaluate energy transforming and redox state. Rotenone ameliorated hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in db/db mice. It induced glucose consumption and glycolysis and reduced hepatic glucose output. Rotenone also activated AMPK. Furthermore, it remained effective with AMPK inactivation. The enhanced glycolysis and repressed gluconeogenesis correlated with a reduction in cellular NAD⁺/NADH ratio, which resulted from complex I suppression. Amobarbital, another representative complex I inhibitor, stimulated glucose consumption and decreased hepatic glucose output in vitro, too. Similar changes were observed while expression of NDUFA13, a subunit of complex I, was knocked down with gene silencing. These findings reveal mitochondrial complex I emerges as a key drug target for diabetes treatment. Inhibition of complex I improves glucose homoeostasis via non‐AMPK pathway, which may relate to the suppression of the cellular NAD⁺/NADH ratio.