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41.
Male albino rats were subjected to restraint stress for 20 h following 24 h fasting. Tissues from oxyntic and pyloric gland areas of the stomach were processed and stained by the PAS technique to assess the glycosaminoglycan content of the gastric mucosa. The result was compared with that of control rats. A significant reduction in PAS positive materials in both oxyntic and pyloric gland areas of gastric mucosa was observed following 20 h restraint stress. The study indicates the significant role of gastric mucosal glycosaminoglycans in the protection of gastric mucosa against ulcers that develop under restraint stress. 相似文献
42.
43.
Chezian Somasundaram Robert Arch Siegfried Matzku Margot Zöller 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1996,42(6):343-350
A bispecific F(ab′)2 antibody conjugate (BAC) was constructed against the complement receptor CR3 of macrophages and a variant CD44 (CD44v6) antigen
of rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells to redirect macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. The Fab′ fragments of monoclonal
antibodies (mAb) 1.1ASML and OX42, recognizing the CD44v6 and the CR3 antigens respectively, were chemically coupled at the
hinge region using 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate). The BAC was characterized in vitro for its specific, dual binding capacity
to CD44v6 and CR3 antigens. Although the monovalence of the BAC resulted in lower avidities to both the antigens as expected,
it was still able to form stable cross-linkages between tumor cells and macrophages in culture leading to the formation of
“clump-like” cell aggregates. The in vitro and in vivo tumor-targeting capacity of the BAC was compared with that of the parental
antitumor mAb 1.1ASML, which mediates tumor killing by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. These results showed that, even
though the bivalent mAb 1.1ASML did not mediate stable cross-linking of target and effector cells, its Fc-receptor-mediated
killing of tumor cells was more effective when compared to the BAC. Thus, this study strongly supports the hypothesis that
firm persistent binding between effector and target cells per se is not as important as the choice of trigger molecule used for macrophage activation to redirect their tumor cytotoxic potential
effectively.
Received: 2 May 1996 / Accepted: 21 May 1996 相似文献
44.
Apoptosis induction by activator protein 2alpha involves transcriptional repression of Bcl-2 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Wajapeyee N Britto R Ravishankar HM Somasundaram K 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2006,281(24):16207-16219
45.
Dicarboxylic acid solid waste containing phthalic acid, malic acid, quinone, saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic esters etc., are discharged in huge quantities during the crackdown of benzene over the catalyst vanadium at temperatures greater than 500 °C in a dicarboxylic acid manufacturing industry. Concern over the biological effects of these compounds underlines the necessity to treat this solid waste. The role of yeast Saccharomyces
cerevisiae and anaerobic mixed bacterial cultures immobilized in activated carbon, in sequential two stage anoxic reactors, were investigated for the degradation of dicarboxylic acid solid waste (DASW). In the first stage, DASW was dissolved in water to yield a concentration of 0.5% w/v and was treated in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized reactor at an optimum residence time of 24 h. The yeast fermented samples were further treated in an upflow anaerobic reactor containing mixed culture immobilized in activated carbon at an Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 0.2076 days at an hydraulic flow rate of 14.6×10−3 m3/day and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) loading rate of 4.3 kg/m3/day. The intermediates that were formed during the yeast fermentation and the anaerobic degradation of DASW were characterized by HPLC, proton NMR, C13 NMR and mass spectrometry. 相似文献
46.
Jennelle C. Hodge Karen T.Cuenco Priya Somasundaram Carolien I. M. Panhuysen Elizabeth A. Stewart Cynthia C. Morton 《Human genetics》2009,125(3):257-263
Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are the most common female pelvic tumors and the primary indication for hysterectomy in the United
States. We assessed genetic liability for UL by a known embryonic proliferation modulator, HMGA2, in 248 families ascertained through medical record-confirmed affected sister-pairs. Using a (TC)
n
repeat in the 5′ UTR and 17 SNPs spanning HMGA2, permutation-based association tests identified a significant increase in transmission of a single TC repeat allele (TC227)
with UL (allele-specific P = 0.00005, multiple testing corrected min-P = 0.0049). The hypothesis that TC227 is a pathogenic variant is supported by a trend towards higher HMGA2 expression in TC227 allele-positive compared with non-TC227 UL tissue as well as by absence of culpable exonic sequence variants.
HMGA2 has also been suggested recently by three genome-wide SNP studies to influence human height variation, and our examination
of the affected sister-pair families revealed a significant association of TC227 with decreased height (allele-specific P = 0.00033, multiple testing corrected min-P = 0.016). Diminished stature and elevated risk of UL development have both been correlated with an earlier age of menarche,
which may be the biological mechanism for TC227 effects as a tendency of women with TC227 to have an earlier onset of menarche
was identified in our study population. These results indicate HMGA2 has a role in two growth-related phenotypes, UL predisposition and height, of which the former may affect future medical
management decisions for many women.
J. C. Hodge and K. T.Cuenco are to be regarded as co-First Authors. 相似文献
47.
Christian Freise Ulrike Erben Ulf Neuman Kiyoung Kim Martin Zeitz Rajan Somasundaram Martin Ruehl 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》2010,21(12):1170-1177
Obesity, the related metabolic syndrome and associated liver diseases represent an epidemic problem and demand for effective therapeutic strategies. In this regard, natural compounds derived from Oriental medicine such as green tea polyphenols influencing adipogenesis attract growing attention. In Korea, an aqueous extract from the Japanese spice bush Lindera obtusiloba is traditionally used for treatment of inflammation and prevention of liver damage. We here investigated effects of the L. obtusiloba extract on cell growth, apoptosis, Wnt signaling and differentiation of (im)mature adipocytes using 3T3-L1, an established cell line for studying adipogenesis. L. obtusiloba extract reduced the de?novo DNA synthesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration dependent manner with an IC50 of ~135 μg/ml paralleled by induction of caspase?3/7 mediated apoptosis. Hormone-induced 3T3?L1 differentiation in the presence of L. obtusiloba extract resulted in a reduced accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets by 70%, in down-regulated expression of the adipogenesis-associated proteins glucose transporter-4 and vascular endothelial growth factor, in reduced secretion of the proadipogenic matrix metalloproteinase-2, and in dampened phosphorylation of the Wnt pathway effector protein β-catenin with subsequent diminished expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Treatment of mature adipocytes with L. obtusiloba extract also significantly reduced intracellular lipid droplets. In addition to this strong interference of L. obtusiloba extract with adipogenesis, L. obtusiloba extract exerted anti-inflammatory effects. L. obtusiloba extract significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide- and tumor necrosis factor α-induced secretion of IL-6 by preadipocytes, thus influencing insulin resistance and inflammatory state characterizing obesity. In conclusion, extracts of L. obtusiloba should be evaluated as a potential complementary treatment option for obesity associated with the metabolic syndrome. 相似文献
48.
Jacobus Hendricks Peter Terpstra Peter M. Dammers Rajesh Somasundaram Annie Visser Maaike Stoel Nicolaas A. Bos Frans G. M. Kroese 《Immunogenetics》2010,62(7):479-486
We have mapped and annotated the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy (IGH) gene locus of the Brown Norway (BN) rat
(assembly V3.4; Rat Genomic Sequence Consortium). In addition to known variable region genes, we found 12 novel previously
unidentified functional IGHV genes and 1 novel functional IGHD gene. In total, the variable region of the rat IGH locus is composed of at least 353 unique IGHV genes, 21 IGHD genes, and 5 IGHJ genes, of which 131, 14, and 4 are potentially functional genes, respectively. Of all species studied so far, the rat seems
to have the highest number of functional IGHV genes in the genome. Rat IGHV genes can be classified into 13 IGHV families based on nucleotide sequence identity. The variable region of the BN rat spans
a total length of approximately 4.9 Mb and is organized in a typical translocon organization. Like the mouse, members of the
various IGHV gene families are more or less grouped together on the genome, albeit some members of IGHV gene families are
found intermingled with each other. In the rat, the largest IGHV gene families are IGHV1, IGHV2, and IGHV5. The overall conclusion
is that the genomic organization of the variable region of the rat IGH locus is strikingly similar to that of the mouse, illustrating
the close evolutionary relationship between these two species. 相似文献
49.
50.
Activation of the cyclin D1 gene by the E1A-associated protein p300 through AP-1 inhibits cellular apoptosis 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Albanese C D'Amico M Reutens AT Fu M Watanabe G Lee RJ Kitsis RN Henglein B Avantaggiati M Somasundaram K Thimmapaya B Pestell RG 《The Journal of biological chemistry》1999,274(48):34186-34195
The adenovirus E1A protein interferes with regulators of apoptosis and growth by physically interacting with cell cycle regulatory proteins including the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and the coactivator proteins p300/CBP (where CBP is the CREB-binding protein). The p300/CBP proteins occupy a pivotal role in regulating mitogenic signaling and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which cell cycle control genes are directly regulated by p300 remain to be determined. The cyclin D1 gene, which is overexpressed in many different tumor types, encodes a regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates PRB. In the present study E1A12S inhibited the cyclin D1 promoter via the amino-terminal p300/CBP binding domain in human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. p300 induced cyclin D1 protein abundance, and p300, but not CBP, induced the cyclin D1 promoter. cyclin D1 or p300 overexpression inhibited apoptosis in JEG-3 cells. The CH3 region of p300, which was required for induction of cyclin D1, was also required for the inhibition of apoptosis. p300 activated the cyclin D1 promoter through an activator protein-1 (AP-1) site at -954 and was identified within a DNA-bound complex with c-Jun at the AP-1 site. Apoptosis rates of embryonic fibroblasts derived from mice homozygously deleted of the cyclin D1 gene (cyclin D1(-/-)) were increased compared with wild type control on several distinct matrices. p300 inhibited apoptosis in cyclin D1(+/+) fibroblasts but increased apoptosis in cyclin D1(-/-) cells. The anti-apoptotic function of cyclin D1, demonstrated by sub-G(1) analysis and annexin V staining, may contribute to its cellular transforming and cooperative oncogenic properties. 相似文献