中国蔷薇属植物物种丰富度分布格局及其与环境因子的关系

物种丰富度的大尺度地理格局及其成因是宏观生态学及生物地理学的中心议题之一。蔷薇属(Rosa L.)植物具有很高的经济价值和生态价值,探讨中国蔷薇属植物的丰富度分布格局及其影响因素可为该属植物资源的保护和合理开发利用乃至其系统进化研究提供重要依据。基于蔷薇属植物在中国的15451条分布数据和11种地理、气候等环境因子进行了物种丰富度分析和相关性分析,研究结果显示:(1)蔷薇属植物在中国分布不均匀。在水平方向上,蔷薇属植物于26.19°—34.29°N带内有较高的物种丰富度,之后随着纬度的增加而降低,且随着经度的增加表现为先增加后减少,于99.10°—108.47°E间存在明显的峰值;在垂直方向上,蔷薇属植物的物种丰富度随海拔的增加表现为先增加后减少,956.46—3518.60m范围内的丰富度最高。西南横断山区为蔷薇属物种分布的中心地区,新疆北部及东北长白山周边地区为局部聚集区。(2)蔷薇属物种丰富度与各能量、水分和生境异质性因子均呈正相关关系,与气候稳定性因子呈负相关关系。表明中国蔷薇属植物在水分和热量条件好、气候季节性变化小且生境异质性程度高的地方,有着更高的物种丰富度。(3)蔷薇属...     

凤尾蕨内生真菌的研究Ⅱ——1株产芦丁内生真菌初步研究

报道了从凤尾蕨属井栏边草(Pteris multifida)根状茎中分离出一内生真菌——菌株JJF006,对其形态特征进行了初步研究,并用TLC对该菌株培养物进行了分析。初步结果表明:该真菌液体培养基中含有芦丁成分。     

两种不同保护剂冻干的仔猪副伤寒活疫苗质量比较

【目的】系统比较两种不同保护剂冻干的仔猪副伤寒活疫苗(耐热苗和常规苗)质量指标,为科学评价两种疫苗质量提供参考。【方法】制备耐热苗和常规苗各3批,分别进行物理性状、纯粹性、活菌计数、安全性、剩余水分、真空度和保存期等参数测定和比较,同时比较冻干前后的活菌存活率及耐老化性能。任选耐热苗与常规苗1批,按3×109 CFU分别口服与肌肉注射仔猪各5头,设相同条件下不免疫对照5头,30 d后静脉注射致死量猪霍乱沙门氏菌,临床观察30 d后评估疫苗的效力。【结果】耐热苗及常规苗的物理性状、纯粹性、活菌计数、安全性、剩余水分、真空度均符合现行《中国兽药典》的要求。3批耐热苗冻干菌存活率分别为88.2%、83.1%和86.4%,耐老化试验后的活菌存活率为83.6%、82.9%和88.8%;然而3批常规苗冻干菌存活率分别为52.3%、56.2%和61.4%,耐老化活菌存活率分别为58.5%、60.2%和54.7%。经37°C、7 d耐老化试验结果显示,耐热苗物理性状良好,而常规苗原有团块表面凹陷1/4-1/2。保存期结果表明耐热苗4°C有效期可达24个月,常规苗仅为9个月。仔猪免疫攻毒结果表明,耐热苗肌肉注射及口服免疫均达100%(5/5)保护;常规苗肌肉注射达80%(4/5)保护,口服达100%(5/5)保护,不免疫对照0保护(5/5死亡)。【结论】耐热苗具有较高的冻干菌存活率和良好的耐老化性能,4°C可长期保存且不影响其免疫效力。     

大兴安岭地区粘细菌资源的多样性及其生物活性

【背景】粘细菌是一类具有社会性行为的高等原核生物,其代谢产物具有丰富、多样、新颖的生物活性,是筛选天然药物的良好资源,具有很大的研究开发应用价值。【目的】分析大兴安岭地区粘细菌资源的多样性;分离纯化可培养的粘细菌,分析其抗菌活性并从中筛选对马铃薯晚疫病菌具有拮抗作用的菌株。【方法】通过变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对从大兴安岭地区采集的15个土样中粘细菌资源的多样性进行分析,利用兔粪诱导、大肠杆菌划线诱导和滤纸诱导3种方法从土样中分离可培养的粘细菌,结合形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析确定这些菌株的分类地位,通过平板对峙法对其进行抗菌活性分析。【结果】DGGE的分析结果显示,15个土样中共鉴定到13个属的粘细菌,基本覆盖了大部分已知的粘细菌种属以及部分未分类的粘细菌,表现出了丰富的多样性。共分离得到88株菌,从中得到22株纯菌,经鉴定属于2个属(粘球菌属与珊瑚球菌属)8个种(黄色粘球菌、橙色粘球菌、变绿粘球菌、珊瑚粘球菌、具枝粘球菌、大孢珊瑚球菌、弱小珊瑚球菌和珊瑚状珊瑚球菌)。抗菌结果显示:22株纯菌均表现出可以对一种甚至多种指示菌产生抗性,其中19株抑制大肠杆菌的生长,14株抑制马铃薯晚疫病菌的生长,8株抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,13株抑制酿酒酵母菌的生长,7株抑制枯草芽孢杆菌的生长。【结论】内蒙古大兴安岭地区蕴藏着丰富的粘细菌资源,粘球菌属及珊瑚球菌属可能为该地区粘细菌菌群中的优势菌。分离纯化出的粘细菌菌株均表现出抑制一种甚至多种指示菌生长的活性,其中64%的纯菌对马铃薯晚疫病菌产生抗性,具有进一步研究的潜在价值。     

Reconstruction of Surface Porous PEEK Decorated with Strontium-doped Calcium Phosphate Coatings for Enhancing Osteogenic Activity

The aim of this study was to reconstruct surface porous structure with hundreds of micrometers and then bio-mineralize Sr-doped Calcium Phosphate(Sr-doped CaP)o...     

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of novel diosgenin–benzoic acid mustard hybrids with potential anti-proliferative activities in human hepatoma HepG2 cells

To discover new lead compounds with anti-tumour activities, in the present study, natural diosgenin was hybridised with the reported benzoic acid mustard pharmacophore. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the resulting newly synthesised hybrids (8–10, 14a–14f, and 15a–15f) was then evaluated in three tumour cells (HepG2, MCF-7, and HeLa) as well as normal GES-1 cells. Among them, 14f possessed the most potential anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells, with an IC₅₀ value of 2.26 µM, which was 14.4-fold higher than that of diosgenin (IC₅₀ = 32.63 µM). Furthermore, it showed weak cytotoxicity against GES-1 cells (IC₅₀ > 100 µM), thus exhibiting good antiproliferative selectivity between normal and tumour cells. Moreover, 14f could induce G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. From a mechanistic perspective, 14f regulated cell cycle-related proteins (CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and cyclin E1) as well mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 9, and caspase 3). These findings suggested that hybrid 14f serves as a promising anti-hepatoma lead compound that deserves further research.     

泸沽湖流域土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响

为探讨泸沽湖流域不同土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响,采用野外调查、取样和室内分析相结合的方法,对泸沽湖流域内3种主要土地利用方式(农田、草地、林地)的土壤理化性状进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)土地利用类型对土壤肥力影响明显,农田含水率、全氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量相对较高;(2)林地有机质含量相对较高,草地全磷全钾含量相对较高;(3)土壤养分含量与土壤颗粒组成之间有一定的相关性,其中土壤全磷与砂粒呈显著正相关,土壤速效氮含量与粉粒呈显著负相关。     

Alternatively activated macrophages at the recipient site improve fat graft retention by promoting angiogenesis and adipogenesis

The inflammatory response mediated by macrophages plays a role in tissue repair. Macrophages preferentially infiltrate the donor site and subsequently, infiltrate the recipient site after fat grafting. This study aimed to trace host‐derived macrophages and to evaluate the effects of macrophage infiltration at the recipient site during the early stage on long‐term fat graft retention. In our novel mouse model, all mice underwent simulated liposuction and were divided into 2 groups. The fat procurement plus grafting (Pro‐Grafting) group was engrafted with prepared fat (0.3 ml). The pro‐Grafting+M2 group was engrafted with prepared fat (0.3 ml) mixed with 1.0 × 10⁶ GFP+M0 macrophages, and then, 2 ng IL‐4 was injected into the grafts on Day 3. In addition, 1.0 × 10⁶ GFP+M0 macrophages were injected into the tail vein for tracing in the Pro‐Grafting group. As a result, GFP+macrophages first infiltrated the donor site and subsequently infiltrated the recipient site in the Pro‐Grafting group. The long‐term retention rate was higher in the Pro‐Grafting+M2 group (52% ± 6.5%) than in the Pro‐Grafting group (40% ± 3.5%). CD34+ and CD31+ areas were observed earlier, and expression of the adipogenic proteins PPAR‐γ, C/EBP and AP2 was higher in the Pro‐Grafting+M2 group than in the Pro‐Grafting group. The host macrophages preferentially infiltrate the donor site, and then, infiltrate the recipient site after fat grafting. At the early stage, an increase in macrophages at the recipient site may promote vascularization and regeneration, and thereby improve the fat graft retention rate.