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71.
72.
Complete amino acid sequence of human cartilage link protein (CRTL1) deduced from cDNA clones and chromosomal assignment of the gene 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
S L Osborne-Lawrence A K Sinclair R C Hicks S W Lacey R L Eddy M G Byers T B Shows A D Duby 《Genomics》1990,8(3):562-567
Little is known about the primary amino acid structure of human cartilage link protein (CRTL1). We screened a human genomic library with a cDNA encoding the 3' untranslated region and the adjoining B1 domain of chicken link protein. One clone was isolated and characterized. A 3.5-kb EcoRI-KpnI fragment from this genomic clone that contains the human B1 exon was used to map the gene to chromosome 5q13----q14.1. The same fragment was used to screen a cDNA library prepared from mRNA of Caco-2, a human colon tumor cell line. Two overlapping clones were isolated and shown to encode all of CRTL1. The deduced amino acid sequence is 354 residues long. The amino acid sequence shows a striking degree of identity to the porcine (96%), rat (96%), and chicken (85%) link protein sequences. Furthermore, there is greater than 86% homology between the 3' untranslated region of the genes encoding human and porcine link proteins. These results indicate that there has been strong evolutionary pressure against changes in the coding and 3' untranslated regions of the gene encoding cartilage link protein. 相似文献
73.
A broad definition of rapid cold hardening (RCH) is that it is the process whereby insects increase their survival of a sub-zero temperature after a brief (h) pre-exposure to a less severe low temperature. The effects of various pre-treatments on survival of two h at -7.9 degrees C were investigated in the freeze tolerant sub-Antarctic caterpillar Pringleophaga marioni (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), the first time RCH has been investigated in a freeze tolerant arthropod. All caterpillars froze when exposed to -7.9 degrees C, and none of the low temperature pre-treatments (-5, 0, 5 and 15 degrees C, as well as -5 degrees C and 0 degrees C with a delay before freezing) nor slow cooling (0.1 degrees C/min) elicited any improvement in survival of -7.9 degrees C as compared to controls. However, high temperature treatments (25, 30 and 35 degrees C), desiccation and acclimation for 5 days at 0 degrees C did result in significant increases in survival of the test temperature, possibly as a result of heat shock protein production. Haemolymph osmolality was elevated only by the 35 degrees C pre-treatment. It is suggested that the unpredictable environment of Marion Island means that P. marioni must always be physiologically prepared to survive cold snaps, and that this year-round cold hardiness therefore supersedes a rapid cold hardening response. 相似文献
74.
Chloroplast phylogeny indicates that bryophytes are monophyletic 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Nishiyama T Wolf PG Kugita M Sinclair RB Sugita M Sugiura C Wakasugi T Yamada K Yoshinaga K Yamaguchi K Ueda K Hasebe M 《Molecular biology and evolution》2004,21(10):1813-1819
Opinions on the basal relationship of land plants vary considerably and no phylogenetic tree with significant statistical support has been obtained. Here, we report phylogenetic analyses using 51 genes from the entire chloroplast genome sequences of 20 representative green plant species. The analyses, using translated amino acid sequences, indicated that extant bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) form a monophyletic group with high statistical confidence and that extant bryophytes are likely sisters to extant vascular plants, although the support for monophyletic vascular plants was not strong. Analyses at the nucleotide level could not resolve the basal relationship with statistical confidence. Bryophyte monophyly inferred using amino acid sequences has a good statistical foundation and is not rejected statistically by other data sets. We propose bryophyte monophyly as the currently best hypothesis. 相似文献
75.
76.
Microarrays and stage conversion in Toxoplasma gondii 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
77.
Sinclair AR 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2003,358(1438):1729-1740
The theory of regulation in animal populations is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of populations, the causes of mortality and how natural selection shapes the life history of species. In mammals, the great range in body size allows us to see how allometric relationships affect the mode of regulation. Resource limitation is the fundamental cause of regulation. Top-down limitation through predators is determined by four factors: (i). body size; (ii). the diversity of predators and prey in the system; (iii). whether prey are resident or migratory; and (iv). the presence of alternative prey for predators. Body size in mammals has two important consequences. First, mammals, particularly large species, can act as keystones that determine the diversity of an ecosystem. I show how keystone processes can, in principle, be measured using the example of the wildebeest in the Serengeti ecosystem. Second, mammals act as ecological landscapers by altering vegetation succession. Mammals alter physical structure, ecological function and species diversity in most terrestrial biomes. In general, there is a close interaction between allometry, population regulation, life history and ecosystem dynamics. These relationships are relevant to applied aspects of conservation and pest management. 相似文献
78.
79.
Sandy J Mushtaq A Kawamura A Sinclair J Sim E Noble M 《Journal of molecular biology》2002,318(4):1071-1083
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases which acetylate and inactivate isoniazid, an anti-tubercular drug, are found in mycobacteria including Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have solved the structure of arylamine N-acetyltransferase from M. smegmatis at a resolution of 1.7 A as a model for the highly homologous NAT from M. tuberculosis. The fold closely resembles that of NAT from Salmonella typhimurium, with a common catalytic triad and domain structure that is similar to certain cysteine proteases. The detailed geometry of the catalytic triad is typical of enzymes which use primary alcohols or thiols as activated nucleophiles. Thermal mobility and structural variations identify parts of NAT which might undergo conformational changes during catalysis. Sequence conservation among eubacterial NATs is restricted to structural residues of the protein core, as well as the active site and a hinge that connects the first two domains of the NAT structure. The structure of M. smegmatis NAT provides a template for modelling the structure of the M. tuberculosis enzyme and for structure-based ligand design as an approach to designing anti-TB drugs. 相似文献
80.
Lawrence AJ Coote JG Kazi YF Lawrence PD MacDonald-Fyall J Orr BM Parton R Riehle M Sinclair J Young J Price NC 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2002,277(25):22289-22296
Continuous recording of the activity of recombinant adenylate cyclase (CyaA) of Bordetella pertussis (EC ) by conductimetric determination of enzyme-coupled pyrophosphate cleavage has enabled us to define a number of novel features of the activation of this enzyme by calmodulin and establish conditions under which valid activation data can be obtained. Activation either in the presence or absence of calcium is characterized by a concentration-dependent lag phase. The rate of formation and breakdown of the activated complex can be determined from an analysis of the lag phase kinetics and is in good agreement with thermodynamic data obtained by measuring the dependence of activation on calmodulin concentration, which show that calcium increases k(on) by about 30-fold. The rate of breakdown of the activated complex, formed either in the presence or absence of calcium, has been determined by dilution experiments and has been shown to be independent of the presence of calcium. The coupled assay is established as a rapid, convenient and safe method which should be readily applicable to the continuous assays of most other enzymes that catalyze reactions in which inorganic pyrophosphate is liberated. 相似文献