体外细胞核组装中核纤层与核膜的关系

采用非洲爪蟾卵提取物非细胞体系,以外源Lambda DNA诱导细胞核的体外组装,以此实验模式为基础,研究了细胞核体外组装过程中核纤层的组装,结果表明核纤层蛋白参与细胞核的体外组装过程,核内骨架的组装与核纤层的组装在时间上是有序的,核内骨架的组装可能为核纤层的装配提供了先决条件.在非洲爪蟾卵提取物非细胞体系中加入抗核纤层蛋白抗体,抑制核纤层的正常装配过程,核膜组装发生异常.结果提示核纤层的组装与核膜的组装是密切相关的.     

用2-D-NMR测定人卵泡促性腺激素释放肽类似物TF14的溶液构象

人卵泡促性腺激素释放肽(hF-GRP)被发现以后,人们合成了许多类似物以便寻找其激动剂或抑制剂,类似物TF14的活性就比hF-GRP强近1倍,为了探求结构活性关系,用2-D-NMR技术(TOCSY,ROESY)测定了TF14的溶液构象,得到了与hF-GRP有显著不同的结果,该14肽整个处于1个非典型的伸展结构.     

Electroporation of abalone sperm enhances sperm-DNA association

The ability of sperm from the black-footed abalone Haliotis iris to take up foreign DNA in solution has been demonstrated. The efficiency of DNA uptake is related to the conditions of electroporation, including field strength (625 V cm⁻¹, 1000 V cm⁻¹), pulse length (18.6 ms, 27.4ms) and number of pulses (1, 2), and DNA concentration (20, 100 μg ml⁻¹). Sperm motility decreased with increased field strength and pulse number. At a field strength of 625 V cm⁻¹, neither the pulse length nor pulse number enhanced DNA uptake. A 40% enhancement in DNA uptake was observed when the sperm were shocked at 1000 V cm⁻¹ with two long pulses (27.4 ms each). Linear regression analysis revealed that pulse number ( p = 0.013) and field strength ( P =0.039) were the most important factors in sperm–DNA interaction. Higher DNA concentration enhanced sperm DNA uptake irrespective of field strength, pulse length and pulse number. The optimal electroporation conditions for DNA uptake were 1000 V cm', with two pulses of 27.4 ms each, and a DNA concentration of 100 μg ml⁻¹.     

Transgenic fish

Transgenic fish are produced by the artificial transfer of rearranged genes into newly fertilized eggs. Currently microinjection is the preferred method, although the integration rates of transgenes are generally low. A number of fusion genes, containing retrovirus sequences which direct integration, have been developed to enhance integration of transgenes. Mass gene transfer methods are also being developed. These include lipofection, particle bombardment, and electroporation of embryos and sperm cells. These methods are potentially useful for marine organisms such as crustaceans and molluscs as well as fish. In contrast to microinjection, which treats single cells individually, these methods can transfer genes into a large number of eggs at once. There is some evidence to indicate successful integration and expression of transgenes transferred by the electroporation of embryos and sperm cells. Germline transmission of transgenes has been observed through mating studies, and in some cases the progeny express the new phenotype consistently. However, germline transmission does not necessarily confirm stable integration of the transgene. There is evidence that transgenes may exist extrachromosomally. Transgenic fish are viewed as a useful model for the study of complex biological phenomena such as growth and differentiation, and as a fast track to the production of broodstock for the aquaculture industry. Current research focuses on the elucidation of the mechanisms controlling the regulation of gene expression. The use of transgenic fish for the isolation of developmental genes has just begun. Applications of transgenesis to broodstock development have been focused on the development of fish with accelerated growth, tolerance to low temperature, and disease resistance. However, before the release of transgenic fish into the environment, the possible impact on the environment must be assessed. There must be safeguards to protect the genetic diversities of the natural populations, and to conserve the natural habitats     

Construction of Oryza sativa genome contigs by fingerprint strategy

We described the construction of BAC contigs of the genome of a indica variety of Oryza sativa.Guang Lu Ai 4. An entire representative(Sixfold coverage of rice chromosomes)and genetically stable BAC library of rice genome constructed in this lab has been systematically analysed by restriction enzyme fragmentation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.And all the images thus obtained were subject to image-processing,which consisted of preliminary location of bands,cooperative tracking of lanes by correlation of adjacent bads.a precise densitometric pass,alignment at the marker bands with the standard,optional interactive editing,and normalization of the accepted bands.The contigs were generated based on the Computer Software specially designed for genome mapping.The number of contigs with 600 kb in length on average was 464.of contigs with 1000kb in length on average was 107; of contigs with 1500 kb in length on average was Construction of Oryza Sativa genome contigs.23.Therefor,all the contigs we have obtained ampunted up to 420 megabases in length.Considering the size of rice genome(430 megabased),the contigs generated in this lab have covered nearly 98% of the rice genome.We are now in the process of mapping the contigs to chromosomes.     

Number and DNA content of nuclei in the free-living nematode <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panagrellus silusiae</Emphasis> at each stage during postembryonic development

Nuclei from the four major tissues of the nematode Panagrellus silusiae were enumerated and examined using Feulgen microspectrophotometry at each stage during postembryonic development. The number of nuclei in the hypodermis, nerve, and intestine remains fairly constant during maturation, but there is a slight increase (～57%) in the number of muscle nuclei. Thus, this organism is not stringently eutelic. The total number of somatic nuclei is about 600. DNA values of hypodermis and nerve nuclei were unimodal and adult nuclei had 2C amounts of DNA. The DNA distribution of muscle nuclei reflects the pattern expected for a tissue in which a portion of the nuclei are undergoing DNA synthesis. Intestinal nuclei accumulated DNA in the absence of nuclear division and in the adult the nuclei fall into discrete DNA classes which correspond to a geometric series of the 2C value. It is concluded that chromatin diminution does not occur in this species. In addition, the relationship in the different tissues of nuclear DNA content to nuclear volume and cell size is discussed.     

毛白杨根系液流与水力再分配特征

为确定毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)根系是否存在水力再分配现象,并探究其发生特征与影响因子,该研究以四年生毛白杨为研究对象,利用热比率法对3株样树的共计7条侧根(R1–R7)进行长期液流监测,并对土壤水分以及气象因子进行同步测定。结果显示:毛白杨存在两种水力再分配模式,分别为干旱驱动的水力提升和降雨驱动的水力下降,水力再分配的发生模式与特征受侧根分布深度与直径大小的影响。在整个生长季尺度上,毛白杨根系再分配的水量较低;但在极端干旱条件下,部分侧根再分配的水量可达其日总液流量的64.6%,表明水力再分配会为干旱侧根提供大量水分。根系吸水与气象-土壤的耦合因子(太阳辐射(R_s)×土壤含水率(SWC)、水汽压亏缺(VPD)×SWC、参考蒸散发(ET_o)×SWC)间存在显著相关关系,但水力再分配与所选因子基本不相关。此外,毛白杨浅层根中存在特殊的日间逆向液流现象,其液流量最高可占日液流总量的79.2%(R1)到90.7%(R2),该现象可能对浅层根系抗旱起到重要作用。