全文获取类型
收费全文 | 518篇 |
免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
554篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 27篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 32篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 28篇 |
2008年 | 28篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有554条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Exponential decline of deep-sea ecosystem functioning linked to benthic biodiversity loss 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Danovaro R Gambi C Dell'Anno A Corinaldesi C Fraschetti S Vanreusel A Vincx M Gooday AJ 《Current biology : CB》2008,18(1):1-8
BACKGROUND: Recent investigations suggest that biodiversity loss might impair the functioning and sustainability of ecosystems. Although deep-sea ecosystems are the most extensive on Earth, represent the largest reservoir of biomass, and host a large proportion of undiscovered biodiversity, the data needed to evaluate the consequences of biodiversity loss on the ocean floor are completely lacking. RESULTS: Here, we present a global-scale study based on 116 deep-sea sites that relates benthic biodiversity to several independent indicators of ecosystem functioning and efficiency. We show that deep-sea ecosystem functioning is exponentially related to deep-sea biodiversity and that ecosystem efficiency is also exponentially linked to functional biodiversity. These results suggest that a higher biodiversity supports higher rates of ecosystem processes and an increased efficiency with which these processes are performed. The exponential relationships presented here, being consistent across a wide range of deep-sea ecosystems, suggest that mutually positive functional interactions (ecological facilitation) can be common in the largest biome of our biosphere. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a biodiversity loss in deep-sea ecosystems might be associated with exponential reductions of their functions. Because the deep sea plays a key role in ecological and biogeochemical processes at a global scale, this study provides scientific evidence that the conservation of deep-sea biodiversity is a priority for a sustainable functioning of the worlds' oceans. 相似文献
82.
Gianni Balliano Henrietta Dehmlow Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso Matilde Scaldaferri Silvia Taramino Franca Viola Giulia Caron Johannes Aebi Jean Ackermann 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(3):718-723
A series of 25 compounds, some of which previously were described as inhibitors of human liver microsomal oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), were tested as inhibitors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trypanosoma cruzi, Pneumocystis carinii and Arabidopsis thaliana OSCs expressed in an OSC-defective strain of S. cerevisiae. The screening identified three derivatives particularly promising for the development of novel anti-Trypanosoma agents and eight derivatives for the development of novel anti-Pneumocystis agents. 相似文献
83.
D.M. Müller M.S. Carrasco G.G. Tonarelli A.C. Simonetta 《Journal of applied microbiology》2009,106(6):2031-2040
Aims: Characterization and purification of a new bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LP 31 strain, isolated from Argentinian dry-fermented sausage.
Methods and Results: Lactobacillus plantarum LP 31 strain produces an antimicrobial compound that inhibits the growth of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. It was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, was stable to heat and catalase and exhibited maximum activity in the pH range from 5·0 to 6·0. Consequently, it was characterized as a bacteriocin. It was purified by RP (reverse-phase) solid-phase extraction, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC. Plantaricin produced by Lact. plantarum LP 31 is a peptide with a molecular weight of 1558·85 Da as determined by Maldi-Tof mass spectrometry and contains 14 amino acid residues. It was shown to have a bactericidal effect against Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes.
Conclusions: The bacteriocin produced by Lact. plantarum LP 31 may be considered as a new plantaricin according to its low molecular weight and particular amino acid composition.
Significance and Impact of the Study: In view of the interesting inhibitory spectrum of this bacteriocin and because of its good technological properties (resistance to heat and activity at acidic pH), this bacteriocin has potential applications as a biopreservative to prevent the growth of food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria in certain food products. 相似文献
Methods and Results: Lactobacillus plantarum LP 31 strain produces an antimicrobial compound that inhibits the growth of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. It was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, was stable to heat and catalase and exhibited maximum activity in the pH range from 5·0 to 6·0. Consequently, it was characterized as a bacteriocin. It was purified by RP (reverse-phase) solid-phase extraction, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC. Plantaricin produced by Lact. plantarum LP 31 is a peptide with a molecular weight of 1558·85 Da as determined by Maldi-Tof mass spectrometry and contains 14 amino acid residues. It was shown to have a bactericidal effect against Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes.
Conclusions: The bacteriocin produced by Lact. plantarum LP 31 may be considered as a new plantaricin according to its low molecular weight and particular amino acid composition.
Significance and Impact of the Study: In view of the interesting inhibitory spectrum of this bacteriocin and because of its good technological properties (resistance to heat and activity at acidic pH), this bacteriocin has potential applications as a biopreservative to prevent the growth of food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria in certain food products. 相似文献
84.
Antonio Terlizzi Marti J. Anderson Stanislao Bevilacqua Simonetta Fraschetti Maria Wodarska-Kowalczuk Kari E. Ellingsen 《Diversity & distributions》2009,15(3):450-458
Aim Virtually all studies exploring the use of taxonomic surrogates in assessing patterns of diversity have focused on clear shifts in the location of samples in multivariate space. The potential use of coarser levels of taxonomic resolution to detect patterns of variability in multivariate space, corresponding to β‐diversity in the case of presence/absence data, remains unexplored. Here we considered five ecological data sets of highly diverse marine molluscan assemblages to test the hypothesis that patterns in compositional heterogeneity would be maintained at coarser levels of taxonomic resolution. Location Italy, Norway, New Zealand and the Arctic. Methods We used multivariate dispersion based on the Jaccard resemblance measure of presence/absence data as a measure of β‐diversity to test the null hypothesis that patterns of heterogeneity in species composition for molluscs would be maintained at coarser levels of taxonomic resolution. Tests to compare β‐diversities among groups (based on distances to centroids and using 9999 permutations) were carried out separately for each of five data sets at the species level and then for each of genus, family, order and class levels. Results Differences in multivariate dispersion at the species level (heterogeneity in the identities of species) were maintained for genera and for families, but not at coarser levels of taxonomic resolution (order or class). These results were consistent across all data sets, despite differences in their spatial scale and extent, geographical location, environmental and habitat features (benthic soft sediments, rocky reefs or kelp holdfasts). Main conclusions These results suggest that either genera or families may be used as effective taxonomic surrogates to detect spatial differences in β‐diversity for molluscs. The use of surrogates can provide considerable sampling efficiencies for biodiversity assessments. We consider, however, that a degree of caution and more work is needed, as heterogeneity at the species level may not be reflected by taxonomic surrogates at smaller spatial scales. 相似文献
85.
Oliaro-Bosso S Taramino S Viola F Tagliapietra S Ermondi G Cravotto G Balliano G 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2009,24(2):589-598
Human and murine lanosterol synthases (EC 5.4.99.7) were studied as targets of a series of umbelliferone aminoalkyl derivatives previously tested as inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclases from other eukaryotes. Tests were carried out on cell cultures of human keratinocytes and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts incubated with radiolabeled acetate, and on homogenates prepared from yeast cells expressing human lanosterol synthase, incubated with radiolabeled oxidosqualene. In cell cultures of both human keratinocytes and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, the observed inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis was selective for oxidosqualene cyclase. The most active compounds bear an allylmethylamino chain in position-7 of the coumarin ring. The inhibition was critically dependent on the position and length of the inhibitor side chain, as well as on the type of aminoalkyl group inserted at the end of the same chain. Molecular docking analyses, carried out to clarify details of inhibitors/enzyme interactions, proved useful to explain the observed differences in inhibitory activities. 相似文献
86.
Mario Santoro Francisco J. Badillo Simonetta Mattiucci Giuseppe Nascetti Flegra Bentivegna Gianni Insacco Andrea Travaglini Michela Paoletti John M. Kinsella Jesús Tomás Juan A. Raga Francisco J. Aznar 《Parasitology international》2010,59(3):367-375
We investigated the factors providing structure to the helminth communities of 182 loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, collected in 6 localities from Central and Western Mediterranean. Fifteen helminth taxa (10 digeneans, 4 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan) were identified, of which 12 were specialist to marine turtles; very low numbers of immature individuals of 3 species typical from fish or cetaceans were also found. These observations confirm the hypothesis that phylogenetic factors restrict community composition to helminth species specific to marine turtles. There were significant community dissimilarities between turtles from different localities, the overall pattern being compatible with the hypothesis that parasite communities reflect the ontogenetic shift that juvenile loggerheads undergo from oceanic to neritic habitats. The smallest turtles at the putative oceanic, pelagic-feeding stage harboured only the 2 digenean species that were regionally the most frequent, i.e. Enodiotrema megachondrus and Calycodes anthos; the largest turtles at the putative neritic, bottom-feeding stage harboured 11 helminth taxa, including 3 nematode species that were rare or absent in turtles that fed partially on pelagic prey. Mean species richness per host was low (range: 1.60–1.89) and did not differ between localities. Variance ratio tests indicated independent colonization of each helminth species. Both features are expected in ectothermic and vagrant hosts living in the marine environment. 相似文献
87.
Terranova P Severgnini B Valli P Dell'Orto S Greco EM 《Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal》2006,6(3):163-172
Pacing prevention algorithms have been introduced in order to maximize the benefits of atrial pacing in atrial fibrillation prevention. It has been demonstrated that algorithms actually keep overdrive atrial pacing, reduce atrial premature contractions, and prevent short-long atrial cycle phenomenon, with good patient tolerance. However, clinical studies showed inconsistent benefits on clinical endpoints such as atrial fibrillation burden. Factors which may be responsible for neutral results include an already high atrial pacing percentage in conventional DDDR, non-optimal atrial pacing site and deleterious effects of high percentages of apical ventricular pacing. Atrial antitachycardia pacing (ATP) therapies are effective in treating spontaneous atrial tachyarrhythmias, mainly when delivered early after arrhythmia onset and/or on slower tachycardias. Effective ATP therapies may reduce atrial fibrillation burden, but conflicting evidence does exist as regards this issue, probably because current clinical studies may be underpowered to detect such an efficacy. Wide application of atrial ATP may reduce the need for hospitalizations and electrical cardioversions and favorably impact on quality of life. Consistent monitoring of atrial and ventricular rhythm as well as that of ATP effectiveness may be extremely useful for optimizing device programming and pharmacological therapy. 相似文献
88.
Laura Pantaleoni Paolo Longoni Lorenzo Ferroni Costanza Baldisserotto Sadhu Leelavathi Vanga Siva Reddy Simonetta Pancaldi Rino Cella 《Protoplasma》2014,251(3):639-648
The high cost of recombinant enzymes for the production of biofuel from ligno-cellulosic biomass is a crucial factor affecting the economic sustainability of the process. The use of plants as biofactories for the production of the suitable recombinant enzymes might be an alternative to microbial fermentation. In the case of enzyme accumulation in chloroplasts, it is fundamental to focus on the issue of full photosynthetic efficiency of transplastomic plants in the field where they might be exposed to abiotic stress such as high light intensity and high temperature. Xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8), a group of enzymes that hydrolyse linear polysaccharides of beta-1,4-xylan into xylose, find an application in the biofuel industry favouring biomass saccharification along with other cell-wall degrading enzymes. In the present study, we analysed how a high level of accumulation of a thermostable xylanase in tobacco chloroplasts does not impact on photosynthetic performance of transplastomic plants grown outdoors. The recombinant enzyme was found to be stable during plant development, ex planta and after long-term storage. 相似文献
89.
AimThe effects of local applied NO-active compounds on glutamate (GLU)-evoked responses were investigated in globus pallidus (GP) neurons.Main methodsExtracellularly recorded single units from anesthetized rats were treated with GLU before and during the microiontophoretic application of S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG), a NO donor, and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor.Key findingsMost GP cells were excited by SNOG whereas administration of L-NAME induced decrease of GP neurons activity. Nearly all neurons responding to SNOG and/or L-NAME showed significant modulation of their excitatory responses to the administration of iontophoretic GLU. In these cells, the changes induced by NO-active drugs in the magnitude of GLU-evoked responses were used as indicators of NO modulation. In fact, when a NO-active drug was co-iontophoresed with GLU, significant changes in GLU-induced responses were observed: generally, increased magnitudes of GLU-evoked responses were observed during SNOG ejection, whereas the administration of L-NAME decreased responses to GLU.SignificanceThe results suggest that the NO-active drugs modulate the response of GP neurons to glutamatergic transmission. Nitrergic modulation of glutamatergic transmission could play an important role in the control of GP bioelectric activity, considered a fundamental key in the BG function. 相似文献
90.
Luana Tomaipitinca Simonetta Petrungaro Pasquale DAcunzo Angelo Facchiano Amit Dubey Salvatore Rizza Federico Giulitti Eugenio Gaudio Antonio Filippini Elio Ziparo Francesco Cecconi Claudia Giampietri 《Cell death & disease》2021,12(7)
c-FLIP (cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein) protein is mostly known as an apoptosis modulator. However, increasing data underline that c-FLIP plays multiple roles in cellular homoeostasis, influencing differently the same pathways depending on its expression level and isoform predominance. Few and controversial data are available regarding c-FLIP function in autophagy. Here we show that autophagic flux is less effective in c-FLIP−/− than in WT MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts). Indeed, we show that the absence of c-FLIP compromises the expression levels of pivotal factors in the generation of autophagosomes. In line with the role of c-FLIP as a scaffold protein, we found that c-FLIPL interacts with Beclin-1 (BECN1: coiled-coil, moesin-like BCL2-interacting protein), which is required for autophagosome nucleation. By a combination of bioinformatics tools and biochemistry assays, we demonstrate that c-FLIPL interaction with Beclin-1 is important to prevent Beclin-1 ubiquitination and degradation through the proteasomal pathway. Taken together, our data describe a novel molecular mechanism through which c-FLIPL positively regulates autophagy, by enhancing Beclin-1 protein stability.Subject terms: Biochemistry, Autophagy 相似文献