全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14867篇 |
免费 | 1446篇 |
国内免费 | 20篇 |
专业分类
16333篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 95篇 |
2022年 | 169篇 |
2021年 | 368篇 |
2020年 | 173篇 |
2019年 | 274篇 |
2018年 | 301篇 |
2017年 | 284篇 |
2016年 | 421篇 |
2015年 | 762篇 |
2014年 | 783篇 |
2013年 | 979篇 |
2012年 | 1170篇 |
2011年 | 1151篇 |
2010年 | 705篇 |
2009年 | 614篇 |
2008年 | 819篇 |
2007年 | 872篇 |
2006年 | 733篇 |
2005年 | 692篇 |
2004年 | 681篇 |
2003年 | 550篇 |
2002年 | 568篇 |
2001年 | 221篇 |
2000年 | 208篇 |
1999年 | 175篇 |
1998年 | 163篇 |
1997年 | 116篇 |
1996年 | 117篇 |
1995年 | 114篇 |
1994年 | 94篇 |
1993年 | 100篇 |
1992年 | 131篇 |
1991年 | 110篇 |
1990年 | 103篇 |
1989年 | 106篇 |
1988年 | 99篇 |
1987年 | 79篇 |
1986年 | 86篇 |
1985年 | 106篇 |
1984年 | 82篇 |
1983年 | 75篇 |
1982年 | 81篇 |
1981年 | 53篇 |
1980年 | 54篇 |
1979年 | 61篇 |
1978年 | 45篇 |
1977年 | 63篇 |
1975年 | 45篇 |
1974年 | 54篇 |
1973年 | 59篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Ildikó Vidra Kálmán Simon László Institóris Ingeborg Csöregh Mátyás Czugler 《Carbohydrate research》1982,111(1):41-57
After hydrolysis of 1,6-dibromo-1,6-dideoxygalactitol (1) and 1,2:5,6-dianhydrogalactitol (2), 11 compounds were isolated, three of them as tritylated derivatives. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical evidence and, for four compounds, by X-ray diffraction. The main product of the hydrolysis of 1 was 3,6-anhydro-1-bromo-1-deoxy-dl-galactitol; the end-products of the hydrolysis of 2 were 1,5-anhydro-dl-galactitol, 2,5-anhydro-dl-altritol, and galactitol. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
Steven I. Higgins Robert B. O’Hara Olga Bykova Michael D. Cramer Isabelle Chuine Eva‐Maria Gerstner Thomas Hickler Xavier Morin Michael R. Kearney Guy F. Midgley Simon Scheiter 《Journal of Biogeography》2012,39(12):2132-2145
Aim To develop a physiologically based model of the plant niche for use in species distribution modelling. Location Europe. Methods We link the Thornley transport resistance (TTR) model with functions which describe how the TTR’s model parameters are influenced by abiotic environmental factors. The TTR model considers how carbon and nutrient uptake, and the allocation of these assimilates, influence growth. We use indirect statistical methods to estimate the model parameters from a high resolution data set on tree distribution for 22 European tree species. Results We infer, from distribution data and abiotic forcing data, the physiological niche dimensions of 22 European tree species. We found that the model fits were reasonable (AUC: 0.79–0.964). The projected distributions were characterized by a false positive rate of 0.19 and a false negative rate 0.12. The fitted models are used to generate projections of the environmental factors that limit the range boundaries of the study species. Main conclusions We show that physiological models can be used to derive physiological niche dimensions from species distribution data. Future work should focus on including prior information on physiological rates into the parameter estimation process. Application of the TTR model to species distribution modelling suggests new avenues for establishing explicit links between distribution and physiology, and for generating hypotheses about how ecophysiological processes influence the distribution of plants. 相似文献
16.
The economic viability of the wildlife based enterprises (bee-keeping and caterpillar utilization) in Malawi is discussed in relation to conventional agricultural enterprises (maize, beans and ground-nuts). A strong incentive emerges for rural people to adopt wildlife management as an adjunct to subsistence agriculture, and therefore, to promote conservation of natural ecosystems and wildlife habitats in the face of growing human population and demand for land. Dependence on agriculture has depleted the wildlife resource outside protected areas and has been less effective in improving the wealth and living standards of most rural people. This study illustrates that the Malawi Department of National Parks and Wildlife needs to introduce economic incentives that integrate biological conservation with economic development for the rural people. The management programme involves the adoption of a rotation burning policy that promotes vegetation coppicing, eases harvesting and promotes high caterpillar yields. 相似文献
17.
J. Sherrod DeVerse Keith A. Bailey Greg A. Foster Vaishali Mittal Stuart M. Altman Scott I. Simon Anthony G. Passerini 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2012,(65)
Atherogenesis is potentiated by metabolic abnormalities that contribute to a heightened state of systemic inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction. However, early functional changes in endothelium that signify an individual''s level of risk are not directly assessed clinically to help guide therapeutic strategy. Moreover, the regulation of inflammation by local hemodynamics contributes to the non-random spatial distribution of atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms are difficult to delineate in vivo. We describe a lab-on-a-chip based approach to quantitatively assay metabolic perturbation of inflammatory events in human endothelial cells (EC) and monocytes under precise flow conditions. Standard methods of soft lithography are used to microfabricate vascular mimetic microfluidic chambers (VMMC), which are bound directly to cultured EC monolayers.1 These devices have the advantage of using small volumes of reagents while providing a platform for directly imaging the inflammatory events at the membrane of EC exposed to a well-defined shear field. We have successfully applied these devices to investigate cytokine-,2 lipid-3, 4 and RAGE-induced5 inflammation in human aortic EC (HAEC). Here we document the use of the VMMC to assay monocytic cell (THP-1) rolling and arrest on HAEC monolayers that are conditioned under differential shear characteristics and activated by the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Studies such as these are providing mechanistic insight into atherosusceptibility under metabolic risk factors. 相似文献
18.
Often we must balance being prepared to act quickly with being prepared to suddenly stop. The stop signal task (SST) is widely used to study inhibitory control, and provides a measure of the speed of the stop process that is robust to changes in subjects’ response strategy. Previous studies have shown that preparation affects inhibition. We used fMRI to separate activity that occurs after a brief (500 ms) warning stimulus (warning-phase) from activity that occurs during responses that follow (response-phase). Both of these phases could contribute to the preparedness to stop because they both precede stop signals. Warning stimuli activated posterior networks that signal the need for top-down control, whereas response phases engaged prefrontal and subcortical networks that implement top-down control. Regression analyses revealed that both of these phases affect inhibitory control in different ways. Warning-phase activity in the cerebellum and posterior cingulate predicted stop latency and accuracy, respectively. By contrast, response-phase activity in fronto-temporal areas and left striatum predicted go speed and stop accuracy, in pre-supplementary motor area affected stop accuracy, and in right striatum predicted stop latency and accuracy. The ability to separate hidden contributions to inhibitory control during warning-phases from those during response-phases can aid in the study of models of preparation and inhibitory control, and of disorders marked by poor top-down control. 相似文献
19.
20.
Kevin J. S. Zollman Carl T. Bergstrom Simon M. Huttegger 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2013,280(1750)
Costly signalling theory has become a common explanation for honest communication when interests conflict. In this paper, we provide an alternative explanation for partially honest communication that does not require significant signal costs. We show that this alternative is at least as plausible as traditional costly signalling, and we suggest a number of experiments that might be used to distinguish the two theories. 相似文献