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91.
3-Phosphoglycerate kinase (ATP:3-phospho-d-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) has been covalently immobilized on a polyacrylamide-type support containing carboxylic groups activated by water-soluble carbodiimide. The activity was 88 units g?1 xerogel. The activity versus pH profile showed a sharper maximum at pH 6.5 in the case of the immobilized enzyme. The immobilized enzyme had a broad apparent optimum temperature range between 40 and 50°C. The apparent Km values of the immobilized 3-phosphoglycerate kinase were lower for both 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP than those of the soluble enzyme. In the case of the immobilized enzyme stabilities were enhanced. 相似文献
92.
Abstract By using an extension to group N streptococci of a contransformation procedure we have introduced 4 different-sized cryptic plasmids for Streptococcus lactis into the plasmid-free S. lactis IL1403. A mixture of 4 cryptic plasmids with an indicator plasmid (pHV1301) conferring erythromycin resistance was used for IL1403 protoplast transformation. Under such conditions, 41.5% of the erythromycin-resistant transformants were contransformed with one of the cryptic plasmids in addition to pHV1301. Indicator plasmid pHV1301 was later spontaneously segregated from doubly transformed cells. This protocol should be very useful for constructing lactic streptococcal strains bearing any phenotypically cryptic plasmid. 相似文献
93.
Simon C. Nemtzov 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1985,14(2-3):199-211
Synopsis The Red Sea razorfish, Xyrichtys pentadactylus, a territorial haremic labrid with dominance hierarchies within the harems. Theory predicts that primary males (fish developing initially as males) should be rare or nonexistent in haremic territorial species because the larger secondary males (males which have undergone sex and/or color change) limit access to females. Histological examination of gonads of 95 specimens showed that all males are derived from females by sex change (i.e. they are secondary males). During five months of field studies 100% of more than 200 observed matings were pair spawnings — the usual mating practice for monandric (having one type of male) species. Sex change in females was induced by male removal in nature. Isolation of four groups of females in aquaria showed that the largest female in the social group changes sex in the absence of a male, demonstrating that sex change is socially-controlled in this species. 相似文献
94.
A new method for computerized modification of sound signals is presented. With digital signal processing in the time domain it is possible to alter the amplitude, the frequency and the time scale of natural sounds independently. The method can be applied to natural sounds with reasonably pure tonal quality. 相似文献
95.
New structural model for mixed-chain phosphatidylcholine bilayers 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Multilamellar suspensions of a mixed-chain saturated phosphatidylcholine with 18 carbon atoms in the sn-1 chain and 10 carbon atoms in the sn-2 chain have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction techniques. The structural parameters for this lipid in the gel state are quite different than usual phosphatidylcholine bilayer phases. A symmetric and sharp wide-angle reflection at 4.11 A indicates that the hydrocarbon chains in hydrated C(18):C(10)PC bilayers are more tightly packed than in usual gel-state phosphatidylcholine bilayers and that there is no hydrocarbon chain tilt. The lipid thickness is about 12 A smaller than would be expected in a normal bilayer phase, and the area per molecule is 3 times the area per hydrocarbon chain. In addition, the bilayer thickness increases upon melting to the liquid-crystalline state, whereas normal bilayer phases decrease in thickness upon melting. On the basis of these data, we propose a new lipid packing model for gel-state C(18):C(10)PC bilayers in which the long C(18) chain spans the entire width of the hydrocarbon region of the bilayer and the short C(10) chain aligns or abuts with the C(10) chain from the apposing molecule. This model is novel in that there are three hydrocarbon chains per head group at the lipid-water interface. Calculations show that this phase is energetically favorable for mixed-chain lipids provided the long acyl chain is nearly twice the length of the shorter chain. In the liquid-crystalline state C(18):C(10)PC forms a normal fluid bilayer, with two chains per head group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
96.
Summary Two populations of Echinochloa crus-galli (Québec, Mississippi) were grown at the Duke University Phytotron under 2 thermoperiods (28°/22°C, 21°/15°C day/night) and 2 CO2 regimes (350 and 675 l l-1). Thermostability, energy of activation (E
a
),K
m (PEP), K
m (Mg++), and specific activity of phospho-enol-pyruvate carboxylase (PEPc) were analyzed in partially purified enzyme preparations of plants grown for 5 weeks. Thermostability of PEPc from extracts (in vitro) and leaves (in situ) was significantly higher in Mississippi plants. In vitro denaturation was not appreciably modified by thermal acclimation but CO2 enrichment elicited higher thermostability of PEPc. In situ thermostability was significantly higher than that of in vitro assays and was higher in Mississippi plants acclimated at 28°/22°C and in plants of the two ecotypes grown at 675 l l-1 CO2. E
a (Q
10 30°/20°C) for PEPc was significantly lower in Québec plants as compared to Mississippi and no acclimatory shifts were observed. Significantly higher K
m's (PEP) in 20°C assays were obtained for Mississippi as compared to Québec plants but values were similar at 30°C and 40°C assays. K
m (Mg++) decreased at higher assay temperatures and were significantly lower for PEPc of the Québec ecotype. No significant changes in K
m (Mg++) values were associated with modifications in temperature on CO2 regimes. PEPc activity measured at 30°C was significantly higher for Québec plants when measured on a leaf fresh weight, leaf area or protein basis but not on a chlorophyll basis. Significantly higher PEPc activity for both genotypes was observed for plants acclimated at 21°/15°C or grown at 675 l l-1 CO2. Net photosynthesis (Ps) and net assimilation rates (NAR) were higher in Québec plants and were enhanced by CO2 enrichment. NAR was higher in plants acclimated at low temperature, while an opposite trend was observed for Ps. PEPc activities were always in excess of the amounts required to support observed rates of CO2 assimilation. 相似文献
97.
98.
Cassidy S. S.; Wead W. B.; Seibert G. B.; Ramanathan M. 《Journal of applied physiology》1987,63(2):803-811
The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effects of a spontaneously generated inspiration on the size and shape of the left ventricle (LV) in anesthetized supine dogs. We implanted markers in the LV to establish three perpendicular axes and recorded the motion of these markers using biplane cinefluoroscopy at 60 Hz. The primary changes in LV size that accompanied inspiration occurred at end diastole (ED). The largest change in LVED dimension was a 2.46-mm narrowing of the septal-lateral wall dimension, but the apex-base dimension decreased also, by 0.74 mm. The anteroposterior dimension actually widened by 1.07 mm. The septal-lateral narrowing was caused by both a 1.0-mm narrowing of the distance between the septal marker and the apex-base axis, as well as by a 1.4-mm narrowing between the apex-base axis and the lateral wall marker. Narrowing of the septal portion seemed expected because of presumed enhanced right ventricular filling during inspiration. Narrowing of the lateral portion of the LV, while the anteroposterior dimension widened, was surprising because a change in LVEDV shape is implied. Assuming ventricular homogeneity, this change in LVED shape implies that the forces applied to the epicardial surface were not uniform. There must have been a retraction on the anterior and posterior surface that was not experienced by the lateral LV wall. The net effect of these dimensional changes of the LV at end diastole (estimated from the product of the three ED axes) was a 3.5-cm3 reduction in LVED volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
99.
Distichia acicularis is described as a new species of Juncaceae. It occurs in the high Andes of Ecuador between 3200 m and 4200 m above sea level. Its closest relative is D. muscoides Nees & Meyen from which it is distinct through its narrow, linear, mucronate leafblades and its 1–3 mm long auricles at the junction of the leafsheath to the blade. 相似文献
100.
Plasmid pIL7 (33 kilobases) from Streptococcus lactis enhances UV resistance and prophage stability. A 5.4-kilobase pIL7 fragment carrying genes coding for both characters was cloned into S. lactis, using plasmid pHV1301 as the cloning vector. The recombinant plasmid was subsequently transferred to three other S. lactis strains by transformation or protoplast fusion. Cloned genes were expressed in all tested strains. 相似文献