Mangrove root: adaptations and ecological importance

Key message

This review gives a comprehensive overview of adaptations of mangrove root system to the adverse environmental conditions and summarizes the ecological importance of mangrove root to the ecosystem.

Abstract

In plants, the first line of defense against abiotic stress is in their roots. If the soil surrounding the plant root is healthy and biologically diverse, the plant will have a higher chance to survive in stressful conditions. Different plant species have unique adaptations when exposed to a variety of abiotic stress conditions. None of the responses are identical, even though plants have become adapted to the exact same environment. Mangrove plants have developed complex morphological, anatomical, physiological, and molecular adaptations allowing survival and success in their high-stress habitat. This review briefly depicts adaptive strategies of mangrove roots with respect to anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and also the major advances recently made at the genetic and genomic levels. Results drawn from the different studies on mangrove roots have further indicated that specific patterns of gene expression might contribute to adaptive evolution of mangroves under high salinity. We also review crucial ecological contributions provided by mangrove root communities to the ecosystem including marine fauna.

     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与病情严重程度和预后的关系研究

目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血清半乳糖凝集素3(GAL3)、血清趋化因子12(CXCL12)水平与病情严重程度和预后的关系。方法:选取成都市第五人民医院于2016年2月～2018年9月期间接收的AIS患者138例为观察组,另选取同期来该院行健康体检的志愿者60例为对照组。其中观察组根据美国国立卫生研究所中风量表(NIHSS)评分分为轻症组(n=42,4分),中症组(n=61,4～15分),重症组(n=35,15分),根据改良RABKIN量表(m RS)评分分为预后良好组(n=82)和预后不良组(n=56)。比较对照组、观察组的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平,分析不同NIHSS得分、不同预后的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平,采用Pearson相关性分析血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与NIHSS评分、m RS评分的相关性。结果:观察组血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。重症组、中症组AIS患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平高于轻症组,且重症组高于中症组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。预后不良组的AIS患者血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果可知,血清GAL3、CXCL12水平与NIHSS评分、m RS评分均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:AIS患者的血清GAL3、CXCL12水平均异常升高,且其升高程度与AIS患者病情严重程度及预后息息相关。     

干扰素刺激基因表达对Peg-IFN抗乙型肝炎病毒免疫应答的影响

为了揭示干扰素刺激基因(interferon-stimulated gene, ISG)表达的改变对乙型肝炎病毒感染治疗效果的影响,本研究检测了干扰素刺激基因STAT1、MX和SOCS3在慢性乙型肝炎患者的外周血单核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell, PBMC)和肝脏样品中的表达情况。结果显示,采用聚乙二醇干扰素(Peg-IFN)治疗后,Peg-IFN应答者的PBMC和肝组织中的STAT1和MX表达水平显著升高,而非应答者的SOCS3表达显著升高。在应答者的活组织检查中,Peg-IFN治疗24 h后细胞核中磷酸化STAT1的染色比例显著增加,而非应答者在治疗前肝细胞核染色比例较高,治疗后染色比例显著减少。此外,治疗前非应答者的肝SOCS3表达水平显著高于应答者,并且随着IFN的治疗SOCS3表达继续增加。本研究表明,STAT1和MX是Peg-IFN抗病毒免疫应答的正向调节因子,而SOCS3 (JAK/STAT途径的负调节因子)激活干扰素刺激基因的负调控,并抑制Peg-IFN的免疫应答。     

丁基苯酞对心力衰竭大鼠心房颤动的影响及作用机制

为探讨丁基苯酞(DL-3-N-butylphthalide,NBP)对心肌梗死诱导的心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)大鼠心房结构重塑和心房颤动形成的影响,本研究将心力衰竭模型大鼠随机分为丁基苯酞组(NBP)、模型组(Model)和假手术组(Sham)。将丁基苯酞用大豆油溶解,制成10 mg/mL的丁基苯酞溶液。丁基苯酞组按照80 mg/kg体重对SD大鼠进行灌胃,模型组和假手术组用等量的大豆油灌胃。假手术组大鼠接受相同手术但未结扎左前降支冠状动脉。分别检测大鼠的超声心动图、心房颤动诱导性试验及心房纤维化,并检测TNF-α、TGF-β1、NF-κB、Nrf2和HO-1的蛋白表达。研究显示,应用丁基苯酞治疗4周后,NBP组大鼠心功能显著改善(p<0.05);NBP组大鼠心房颤动诱导能力和持续时间显著降低(p<0.05);NBP组大鼠心房纤维化程度显著减轻(p<0.05)。丁基苯酞显著抑制TNF-α,NF-κB和TGF-β1的蛋白表达,并上调Nrf2和HO-1的蛋白表达。并且,NBP对TNF-α/NF-κB/TGF-β1和纤维化的抑制作用可能与Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的激活有关。因此,丁基苯酞有望成为预防房颤的上游治疗中的有效药物。     

CD138免疫磁珠细胞分选的FISH技术在多发性骨髓瘤诊断中的应用

为了分析CD138免疫磁珠细胞分选的染色体荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在提高多发性骨髓瘤(MM)细胞遗传学异常检测敏感性的作用。本研究选取我院收治的30例确诊MM的患者为研究对象,分离骨髓单个核细胞,应用探针组合,同时采用2种方法进行细胞遗传学检测:实验组采用CD138免疫磁珠分选浆细胞后行荧光原位杂交技术(MACS-FISH)检测;对照组直接荧光原位杂交技术(D-FISH)检测。结果:30例MM患者,实验组采用CD138 MACS-FISH检出率为83.3%,对照组D-FISH法细胞遗传异常检出率为46.7%,两组差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。研究结果表明:分析不同类型的细胞遗传异常,MACS-FISH法1q21检出率为46.7%,RB1检出率为50.0%,Ig H检出率为70.0%,P53检出率为20.0%;D-FISH法检出率分别为23.3%,30.0%、36.7%、10.0%。通过细胞核型分析,30例MM患者中,发现5例患者为异常核型,仅为16.7%,其中1例患者为单一结构异常,复杂异常核型患者为4例。我们的研究结论表明:进行CD138免疫磁珠分选浆细胞的FISH技术在多发性骨髓瘤诊断应用中可显著提高细胞遗传学异常检测敏感性,具有临床推广应用的价值。     

凝溶胶蛋白基因的生物学功能及其应用研究进展

凝溶胶蛋白(gelsolin,GSN)是Gelsolin/Villin超家族的核心成员,是一种多功能的钙依赖性肌动蛋白结合蛋白,在细胞中Ca^2+和PIP2等多因素的调控下,对细胞凋亡、吞噬功能、肌动蛋白微丝切割、细胞信号转导等方面起着重要的作用。近年来,凝溶胶蛋白还被频繁用于相关疾病的预防、诊断与治疗,但其在调控细胞凋亡、炎症等病理生理中的作用机制还存在些许争议。本研究综述了凝溶胶蛋白的结构特点、生物学功能以及对疾病的诊断和治疗,旨在了解凝溶胶蛋白在生物医学及动物科学等领域的应用以及未来凝溶胶蛋白的发展前景。     

Design and Synthesis of Novel Thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) plays an important role in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Inhibition of VEGFR‐2 has been demonstrated as a key method against tumor‐associated angiogenesis. Thiazolopyrimidine is an important analog of the purine ring, and we choose the thiazolopyrimidine scaffold as the mother nucleus. Two series of thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. In HUVEC inhibition assay, compounds 3l (=1‐(5‐{[2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐methyl[1,3]thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐yl]amino}pyridin‐2‐yl)‐3‐(3,4‐dimethylphenyl)urea) and 3m (=1‐(5‐{[2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐methyl[1,3]thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐yl]amino}pyridin‐2‐yl)‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)urea) exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect (IC₅₀=1.65 and 3.52 μm , respectively). Compound 3l also showed the best potency against VEGFR‐2 at 50 μm (98.5 %). These results suggest that further investigation of compound 3l might provide potential angiogenesis inhibitors.