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991.
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We describe a method that can thoroughly sample a protein conformational space given the protein primary sequence of amino acids and secondary structure predictions. Specifically, we target proteins with β‐sheets because they are particularly challenging for ab initio protein structure prediction because of the complexity of sampling long‐range strand pairings. Using some basic packing principles, inverse kinematics (IK), and β‐pairing scores, this method creates all possible β‐sheet arrangements including those that have the correct packing of β‐strands. It uses the IK algorithms of ProteinShop to move α‐helices and β‐strands as rigid bodies by rotating the dihedral angles in the coil regions. Our results show that our approach produces structures that are within 4–6 Å RMSD of the native one regardless of the protein size and β‐sheet topology although this number may increase if the protein has long loops or complex α‐helical regions. Proteins 2010. © Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
994.
Interactions between quercetin and Warfarin for albumin binding: A new eye on food/drug interference
The interaction between quercetin, a popular antioxidant flavonoid, and human serum albumin (HSA) is investigated and characterized by means of induced circular dichroism and saturation transfer difference NMR. These techiques demonstrate the reversible binding of quercetin to the carrier protein, which is responsible for its dissolution in aqueous medium. Competition experiments with two classical probes for HSA binding sites, namely Ibuprofen and Warfarin (a common anticoagulant coumarin), demonstrate that quercetin has a primary binding site located in the subdomain IIA, where coumarins are hosted. The affinity for this site is large and we found that quercetin may effectively displace warfarin from HSA. This may have relevant consequences in rationalizing the interferences of common dietary compounds and food supplements to anticoagulant treatments. Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
995.
Inés Infante Maria A. Morel Martha C. Ubalde Cecilia Martínez-Rosales Silvia Belvisi Susana Castro-Sowinski 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2010,26(6):1047-1052
Wool is a natural animal fiber commonly used in fabrics, but requires physical and chemical processing treatment for such
applications. With the aim of developing new woollen textile products using environmentally friendly treatments, proteolytic
bacteria were isolated from raw wool samples of Merino sheep and screened for wool-degrading activity. Two isolates were identified as Bacillus megaterium L4 and Bacillus thuringiensis L11 by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Both isolates grew on a minimal medium using wool-fiber or wool-fabric as sole carbon
and nitrogen sources. Bacterial growth was correlated with extracellular protease activity, and maximal protease production
was in early stationary phase. The exoprotease produced by L11 was found to be a thermo-tolerant metalloprotease stabilized
by calcium or magnesium, and had optimum activity at pH 7.0 and temperature at 40°C. During bacterial growth the wool-fiber
lost weight, but it did not show changes in diameter. When wool-fabric was used instead of wool-fiber weight loss and non-shrinking
was found. These are encouraging results for textile processing that should be useful for development of new textile products
by direct microbial processing. A potential alternative that could be suggested from our study would be to treat wool with
wool-degrading microorganisms in order to develop environmentally friendly processes. 相似文献
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997.
Mariana Conte Silvia de Simone Susan J Simmons Carlos L Ballaré Ann E Stapleton 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):112
Background
Understanding of the genetic architecture of plant UV-B responses allows extensive targeted testing of candidate genes or regions, along with combinations of those genes, for placement in metabolic or signal transduction pathways. 相似文献998.
Giuseppina Sandri Maria Cristina Bonferoni Silvia Rossi Franca Ferrari Cinzia Boselli Carla Caramella 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2010,11(1):362-371
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the penetration enhancement properties of nanoparticles (NP) based on N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC 35% quaternization degree) loaded with insulin. The permeation performances of TMC NP were compared
with those of chitosan (CS) NP and also with TMC and CS solutions. To estimate the mechanism of penetration enhancement, two
different approaches have been taken into account: an in vitro study (Caco-2 cells) and an ex vivo study (excised rat duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). Insulin-loaded CS and TMC NP had dimensions of about 250 nm and had high
yield and high encapsulation efficiency. The in vitro study evidenced that TMC and CS were able to enhance insulin permeation to the same extent. Penetration enhancement properties
of TMC NP seem to be prevalently related to endocytosis while the widening of tight junctions appeared more important as mechanism
in the case of CS NP. The ex vivo study put in evidence the role of mucus layer and of its microclimate pH. In duodenum (pH 5–5.5), CS and TMC solutions were
more effective than NP while TMC NP were more efficient towards jejunum tissue (pH 6–6.5) for their high mucoadhesive potential.
Confocal laser scanning microscopy study supported the hypothesis that penetration enhancement due to TMC NP was mainly due
to internalization/endocytosis into duodenum and jejunum epithelial cells. The good penetration enhancement properties (permeation
and penetration/internalization) make TMC NP suitable carriers for oral administration of insulin. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Changes to the cerebral microvasculature are evident during cerebral malaria (CM). Activation of the endothelium is likely to be due to the actions of cytokines, circulating levels of which are elevated during CM. Endothelial cells are known to up-regulate the expression of cellular adhesion molecules, which can lead to cellular sequestration and obstruction of vessels. However, it is unknown whether cytokines synergise in the up-regulation of the adhesion molecules involved in CM. In this study, the mRNA and/or protein expression of the adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin and E-Selectin were examined in a mouse brain endothelial cell line. Endothelial cells were stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha), alone or in combination. The expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, P-selectin and E-Selectin mRNA in mouse brain endothelial cells by TNF and/or LT-alpha was found to be significantly enhanced in the presence of IFN-gamma. The same synergistic effect was found when analyzing ICAM-1 protein expression in cytokine stimulated mouse brain endothelial cells. The findings show that cytokines can synergise to influence gene expression and protein expression in a mouse brain endothelial cell line. 相似文献