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91.
Lam VH Lee JH Silverio A Chan H Gomolplitinant KM Povolotsky TL Orlova E Sun EI Welliver CH Saier MH 《Biological chemistry》2011,392(1-2):5-12
We herein report recent advances in our understanding of transport protein evolution. Numerous families of complex transmembrane transport proteins are believed to have arisen from short channel-forming amphipathic or hydrophobic peptides by various types of intragenic duplication events. Distinct pathways distinguish families, demonstrating independent origins for some, and allowing assignment of others to superfamilies. Some families have diversified in topology, whereas others have remained uniform. An example of 'retroevolution' was discovered where a more complex carrier gave rise to a structurally and functionally simpler channel. The results described in this review article expand our understanding of protein evolution. 相似文献
92.
In the previous issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, Ducourau and colleagues report that they retrospectively detected anti-infliximab antibodies in 21% of patients with rheumatic
diseases. Patients with anti-infliximab antibodies had lower serum drug concentrations. These findings contribute to the existing
evidence of immunogenicity of biologicals and its clinical relevance. We argue for therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize
treatment response. 相似文献
93.
Borriello A Caldarelli I Bencivenga D Criscuolo M Cucciolla V Tramontano A Oliva A Perrotta S Della Ragione F 《Molecular cancer research : MCR》2011,9(10):1269-1284
p57(Kip2) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor belonging to the Cip/Kip family, which also includes p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). So far, p57(Kip2) is the least-studied Cip/Kip protein, and for a long time its relevance has been related mainly to its unique role in embryogenesis. Moreover, genetic and molecular studies on animal models and patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome have shown that alterations in CDKN1C (the p57(Kip2) encoding gene) have functional relevance in the pathogenesis of this disease. Recently, a number of investigations have identified and characterized heretofore unexpected roles for p57(Kip2). The protein appears to be critically involved in initial steps of cell and tissue differentiation, and particularly in neuronal development and erythropoiesis. Intriguingly, p27(Kip1), the Cip/Kip member that is most homologous to p57(Kip2), is primarily involved in the process of cell cycle exit. p57(Kip2) also plays a critical role in controlling cytoskeletal organization and cell migration through its interaction with LIMK-1. Furthermore, p57(Kip2) appears to modulate genome expression. Finally, accumulating evidence indicates that p57(Kip2) protein is frequently downregulated in different types of human epithelial and nonepithelial cancers as a consequence of genetic and epigenetic events. In summary, the emerging picture is that several aspects of p57(Kip2)'s functions are only poorly clarified. This review represents an appraisal of the data available on the p57(Kip2) gene and protein structure, and its role in human physiology and pathology. We particularly focus our attention on p57(Kip2) changes in cancers and pharmacological approaches for modulating p57(Kip2) levels. 相似文献
94.
95.
Galeazzi L Bocci P Amici A Brunetti L Ruggieri S Romine M Reed S Osterman AL Rodionov DA Sorci L Raffaelli N 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(46):40365-40375
The pyridine nucleotide cycle is a network of salvage and recycling routes maintaining homeostasis of NAD(P) cofactor pool in the cell. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) deamidase (EC 3.5.1.42), one of the key enzymes of the bacterial pyridine nucleotide cycle, was originally described in Enterobacteria, but the corresponding gene eluded identification for over 30 years. A genomics-based reconstruction of NAD metabolism across hundreds of bacterial species suggested that NMN deamidase reaction is the only possible way of nicotinamide salvage in the marine bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. This prediction was verified via purification of native NMN deamidase from S. oneidensis followed by the identification of the respective gene, termed pncC. Enzymatic characterization of the PncC protein, as well as phenotype analysis of deletion mutants, confirmed its proposed biochemical and physiological function in S. oneidensis. Of the three PncC homologs present in Escherichia coli, NMN deamidase activity was confirmed only for the recombinant purified product of the ygaD gene. A comparative analysis at the level of sequence and three-dimensional structure, which is available for one of the PncC family member, shows no homology with any previously described amidohydrolases. Multiple alignment analysis of functional and nonfunctional PncC homologs, together with NMN docking experiments, allowed us to tentatively identify the active site area and conserved residues therein. An observed broad phylogenomic distribution of predicted functional PncCs in the bacterial kingdom is consistent with a possible role in detoxification of NMN, resulting from NAD utilization by DNA ligase. 相似文献
96.
97.
ZSOLT PÉNZES GEORGE MELIKA ZOLTÁN BOZSÓKI PÉTER BIHARI ISTVÁN MIKÓ MAJID TAVAKOLI JULI PUJADE‐VILLAR BALÁZS FEHÉR DÁVID FÜLÖP KRISZTIÁN SZABÓ MIKLÓS BOZSÓ BOTOND SIPOS KÁLMÁN SOMOGYI GRAHAM N. STONE 《Systematic Entomology》2009,34(4):688-711
Several unanswered questions remain regarding the taxonomy and phylogeny of inquiline gallwasps (Cynipidae: Synergini), obligate inhabitants of plant galls induced primarily by other gallwasps (Cynipidae: Cynipini and Diplolepidini). Here we use morphological and molecular data to revise the inquiline genus Synophrus, members of which are notable for extensively modifying the structure of galls induced by oak gallwasp hosts on oaks in the section Cerris of Quercus subgenus Quercus in the Western Palaearctic. Previous taxonomic treatments have recognized three Western Palaearctic species of Synophrus: S. pilulae, S. politus and S. olivieri. Our results support the establishment of four additional Western Palaearctic species: Synophrus hungaricus sp.n. , S. libani sp.n. , S. syriacus sp.n. and S. hispanicus sp.n. We describe and diagnose these new taxa, analyse their phylogenetic relationships, and show that Synophrus inquilines are able to impose their own gall phenotypes on those of their hosts. We provide an updated key to Synophrus. 相似文献
98.
Alexandre C Motta Joost LM Vissers Renée Gras Betty CAM Van Esch Antoon JM Van Oosterhout Martijn C Nawijn 《Respiratory research》2009,10(1):1-8
Background
Anxiety and depression are common and treatable risk factors for re-hospitalisation and death in patients with COPD. The degree of lung function impairment does not sufficiently explain anxiety and depression. The BODE index allows a functional classification of COPD beyond FEV1. The aim of this cross-sectional study was (1) to test whether the BODE index is superior to the GOLD classification for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms; and (2) to assess which components of the BODE index are associated with these psychological aspects of COPD.Methods
COPD was classified according to the GOLD stages based on FEV1%predicted in 122 stable patients with COPD. An additional four stage classification was constructed based on the quartiles of the BODE index. The hospital anxiety and depression scale was used to assess anxious and depressive symptoms.Results
The overall prevalence of anxious and depressive symptoms was 49% and 52%, respectively. The prevalence of anxious symptoms increased with increasing BODE stages but not with increasing GOLD stages. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased with both increasing GOLD and BODE stages. The BODE index was superior to FEV1%predicted for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms. Anxious symptoms were explained by dyspnoea. Depressive symptoms were explained by both dyspnoea and reduced exercise capacity.Conclusion
The BODE index is superior to the GOLD classification for explaining anxious and depressive symptoms in COPD patients. These psychological consequences of the disease may play a role in future classification systems of COPD. 相似文献99.
MT Butcher JW Hermanson NG Ducharme LM Mitchell LV Soderholm JE Bertram 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2009,152(1):100-114
The forelimb digital flexors of the horse display remarkable diversity in muscle architecture despite each muscle-tendon unit having a similar mechanical advantage across the fetlock joint. We focus on two distinct muscles of the digital flexor system: short compartment deep digital flexor (DDF(sc)) and the superficial digital flexor (SDF). The objectives were to investigate force-length behavior and work performance of these two muscles in vivo during locomotion, and to determine how muscle architecture contributes to in vivo function in this system. We directly recorded muscle force (via tendon strain gauges) and muscle fascicle length (via sonomicrometry crystals) as horses walked (1.7 m s(-1)), trotted (4.1 m s(-1)) and cantered (7.0 m s(-1)) on a motorized treadmill. Over the range of gaits and speeds, DDF(sc) fascicles shortened while producing relatively low force, generating modest positive net work. In contrast, SDF fascicles initially shortened, then lengthened while producing high force, resulting in substantial negative net work. These findings suggest the long fibered, unipennate DDF(sc) supplements mechanical work during running, whereas the short fibered, multipennate SDF is specialized for economical high force and enhanced elastic energy storage. Apparent in vivo functions match well with the distinct architectural features of each muscle. 相似文献
100.
Silverio Perrotta Valeria Cucciolla Marcella Ferraro Luisa Ronzoni Annunziata Tramontano Francesca Rossi Anna Chiara Scudieri Adriana Borriello Domenico Roberti Bruno Nobili Maria Domenica Cappellini Adriana Oliva Giovanni Amendola Anna Rita Migliaccio Patrizia Mancuso Ines Martin-Padura Francesco Bertolini Donghoon Yoon Josef T. Prchal Fulvio Della Ragione 《PloS one》2010,5(8)