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21.
A statistical analysis of the nucleotide sequence variability in 14
published hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes was carried out using parametric
and nonparametric methods. A parametric statistical model revealed that the
different regions of the genome differed significantly in their
variability. The conclusion was supported by a nonparametric kernel-density
model of the HBV genome. Genes S, C, and P, region X, the precore region,
and the pre-S2/pre-S1 regions were ranked in order of increasing
variability. In many instances, conserved regions of the genome identified
with sequences of known function in HBV biology. However, other
characterized regions (such as pre-S) showed much variability despite the
involvement of their encoded peptides in specific functions. Point
mutations that may result in the formation of stop codons and amino acid
changes may affect the clinical picture of HBV infection and may be
reflected in atypical serological patterns.
相似文献
22.
An electrophoretic spectra of proteins, extracted with tris-HCI buffer, pH 8.3 are studied. The ditelosomic lines of the Chinese
Spring common wheat cultivar are analysed by the chromosomes of the B genome and of the ditelosomic lines of the same cultivar
by first and third chromosomes of the D genome. It is found that structural genes for the synthesis of components Nos. 7,
8, 9 and 10 are localized in 1BL, 2BS, 4BS and 5B chromosomes respectively. The genetic control of the component No. 3 is
realized by genes, localized in 1BL and 3D chromosomes, while for component No. 2, in the 3D chromosome. 相似文献
23.
Traction force on a kinetochore at metaphase acts as a linear function of kinetochore fiber length 总被引:16,自引:14,他引:2
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We are investigating the relation between the force pulling a kinetochore poleward and the length of the corresponding kinetochore fiber. It was recognized by Ostergren in 1950 (Hereditas 36:1-19) that the metaphase position of a chromosome could be achieved by a balance of traction forces were proportional to the distance from kinetochore to pole. For the typical chromosome (i.e., a meiotic bivalent or mitotic chromosome) with a single kinetochore fiber extending to each pole, the resultant force (RF) would equal zero when the chromosome lay at the midpoint between the two poles. For special chromosomes that have unequal numbers of kinetochore fibers extending towards opposite poles. For special chromosomes that have unequal numbers of kinetochore fibers extending towards opposite poles. For special chromosomes that have unequal numbers of kinetochore fibers extending towards opposite poles, Ostergren’s proposal suggests that RF = 0 when the chromosome is shifted closer to the pole toward which the greater number of kinetochore fibers are pulling. We have measured the force-length relationship in living spindles by analyzing the metaphase positions of experimentally generated multivalent chromosomes having three or four kinetochore fibers. Multivalent chromosomes of varied configurations were generated by γ-irradiation of nymphs of the grasshopper melanoplus differentialis, and their behavior was analyzed in living first meiotic spermocytes. The lengths of kinetochore fibers were determined from time-lapse photographs by measuring the kinetochore-to-pole distances for fully congressed chromosomes just before the onset of anaphase. In our analysis, force (F) along a single kinetochore fiber is expressed by: F = kL(exp), where k is a length-independent proportionality constant, L represents the kinetochore fiber length, and exp is an unknown exponent. The RF on a chromosome is then given by: RF = σk(i)L(i)(exp), where kinetochore fiber lengths in opposite half- spindles are given opposite sign. If forces on a metaphase chromosome are at equilibrium (RF = 0), then for asymmetrical orientations of multivalents we can measure the individual kinetochore fiber lengths (L(i)) and solve for the exponent that yields a resultant force of zero. The value of the exponent relates how the magnitude of force along a kinetochore fiber varies with its length. For six trivalents and one naturally occurring quadrivalent we calculated an average value of exp = 1.06 +/- 0.18. This result is consistent with Ostergren’s hypothesis and indicates that the magnitude of poleward traction force along a kinetochore fiber is directly proportional to the length of the fiber. Our finding suggests that the balance of forces along a kinetochore fiber may be a major factor regulating the extent of kinetochore microtubule assembly. 相似文献
24.
Kirubhanand Chandrashekar Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal Shazia Fathima JH Saravanan Radhakrishnan Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah Bharat Ramrao Sontakke Vishwajit Ravindra Deshmukh Vijayalakshmi Periyasamy Gayatri Girish Muthiyan Aaditya Madhusudan Tarnekar TS Gugapriya Patil Ashlesh Laxman Satyendra Chandra Tripathi Selvaraj Jayaraman 《Bioinformation》2021,17(10):866
Cissampelos pareira Linn. is a climbing herb known in Indian traditional medicine as laghupatha. It belongs to the Menispermaceae family. The enzyme glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a promising target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes (T2DM). A variety of natural product inhibitors with both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential have been reported in the search for powerful, selective and drug-like GP inhibitors that could lead to hypoglycemic medicines. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of glycogen phosphorylase with compounds from Cissampelos pareira Linn. We report the optimal binding features of 4 compounds namely Trans-N-feruloyltyramine, Coclaurine, Magnoflorine, and Curine with the target protein for further consideration in the context of T2DM. 相似文献
25.
26.
Zhang W Sileika TS Chen C Liu Y Lee J Packman AI 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2011,108(11):2571-2582
Biofilms are microbial communities growing on surfaces, and are ubiquitous in nature, in bioreactors, and in human infection. Coupling between physical, chemical, and biological processes is known to regulate the development of biofilms; however, current experimental systems do not provide sufficient control of environmental conditions to enable detailed investigations of these complex interactions. We developed a novel planar flow cell that supports biofilm growth under complex two-dimensional fluid flow conditions. This device provides precise control of flow conditions and can be used to create well-defined physical and chemical gradients that significantly affect biofilm heterogeneity. Moreover, the top and bottom of the flow chamber are transparent, so biofilm growth and flow conditions are fully observable using non-invasive confocal microscopy and high-resolution video imaging. To demonstrate the capability of the device, we observed the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms under imposed flow gradients. We found a positive relationship between patterns of fluid velocity and biofilm biomass due to faster microbial growth under conditions of greater local nutrient influx, but this relationship eventually reversed because high hydrodynamic shear leads to the detachment of cells from the surface. These results reveal that flow gradients play a critical role in the development of biofilm communities. By providing new capability for observing biofilm growth, solute and particle transport, and net chemical transformations under user-specified environmental gradients, this new planar flow cell system has broad utility for studies of environmental biotechnology and basic biofilm microbiology, as well as applications in bioreactor design, environmental engineering, biogeochemistry, geomicrobiology, and biomedical research. 相似文献
27.
Ponnulakshmi Rajagopal Selvaraj Jayaraman Shazia Fathima JH Saravanan Radhakrishnan Patil Ashlesh Laxman Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah Satyendra Chandra Tripathi TS Gugapriya Aaditya Madhusudan Tarnekar Gayatri Girish Muthiyan Vishwajit Ravindra Deshmukh Bharat Ramrao Sontakke Kirubhanand Chandrashekar 《Bioinformation》2021,17(11):928
28.
Pollution of aquatic ecosystems often results in adverse environmental disturbances, including physiological and/ or histomorphological changes in fish. The health of Clarias gariepinus sampled from two polluted water bodies, Orlando Dam and a pond in the Klipspruit wetland catchment, Soweto, was investigated in 2015–2016. Limited fish health-related data is available for this highly impacted freshwater ecosystem. Fish were collected between April 2015 and February 2016. A necropsy and a histological assessment were done on various target organs of each fish. Water and sediment samples were analysed for selected organic and inorganic compounds. Macroscopic assessment revealed abnormally shaped urogenital papillae, morphological alterations of the gonads, as well as discoloration of liver tissue. These observations were supported by microscopic evidence of hepatic histological alterations in fish from Orlando Dam, as well as the presence of both female and male gonadal tissue (intersex) in 13.6% and 50% of fish from the wetland pond and the Orlando Dam, respectively. Water analyses showed high levels of faecal coliform bacteria and metal concentrations and sediment analyses showed detectable levels of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals. 相似文献
29.
Almir S Zanca Renato Vicentini Fausto A Ortiz-Morea Luiz EV Del Bem Marcio J da Silva Michel Vincentz Fabio TS Nogueira 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):260
Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs, some of which are conserved in diverse plant genomes. Therefore, computational identification and further experimental validation of miRNAs from non-model organisms is both feasible and instrumental for addressing miRNA-based gene regulation and evolution. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important biofuel crop with publicly available expressed sequence tag and genomic survey sequence databases, but little is known about miRNAs and their targets in this highly polyploid species. 相似文献30.