扎龙湿地昆虫群落结构及动态

湿地是介于水体与陆地之间的特殊的生态系统,其中昆虫扮演着重要的角色。通过选取扎龙村、烟筒屯、土木台和育苇场为样地以诱集夜间活动的昆虫为主,对扎龙湿地昆虫群落结构进行了探讨。结果表明:扎龙湿地夜间活动的昆虫分属14目54科139种,以鳞翅目、鞘翅目和双翅目为优势类群。各区域昆虫群落种-多度关系均表现为对数正态分布。物种丰富度为扎龙村＞烟筒屯＞育苇场＞土木台,而群落多样性和均匀度均为烟筒屯＞扎龙村＞土木台＞育苇场,Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数(H') 与均匀度(J')和物种丰富度(S)时间动态关系表现为:烟筒屯Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数(H')与均匀度(J')和物种丰富度(S)均一致;扎龙村和育苇场Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数(H')与均匀度(J')一致,而与物种丰富度(S)弱相关;土木台 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数(H')与均匀度(J')和物种丰富度(S)均表现为弱相关。研究得出扎龙湿地总体环境质量较好,但局部地区(如土木台)有退化的趋势,并分析造成上述结果的原因。     

Synthesis and protective effects of aralkyl alcoholic 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-pyranosides on hypoglycemia and serum limitation induced apoptosis in PC12 cell

Neuroprotective agents have been in the focus of attention in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., possessed a wide range of biological activities, especially neuroprotection. In an attempt to improve neuroprotective effects of new salidroside analogs for ischemic stroke, a series of novel aralkyl alcoholic 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranosides were synthesized and their protective activities against the hypoglycemia and serum limitation induced cell death in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) were studied. Most compounds showed strong neuroprotective effects, especially for 4g and 4h, which exhibited a great potency superior to salidroside. MTT assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, and flow cytometry with annexin V/PI staining collectively showed that pretreatment with 4g and 4h attenuated cell viability loss and apoptotic cell death in cultured PC12 cells. Caspase-3 colorimetric assay and Rhodamine 123 staining revealed the changes in expression levels of caspase-3 and mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells on exposure to hypoglycemia and serum limitation with and without 4g and 4h pretreatment, respectively. All the results suggested that 4g and 4h protects the PC12 cells against hypoglycemia and serum limitation induced apoptosis possibly by modulation of apoptosis-related gene expression and restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Therefore, these novel findings may provided a new framework for the design of new aralkyl alcoholic 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-pyranosides as neuroprotective agents for treating cerebral ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.     

1,1-Diarylalkenes as anticancer agents: dual inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and phosphodiesterase 4

A series of 1,1-diarylalkene derivatives were prepared to optimize the properties of CC-5079 (1), a dual inhibitor of tubulin polymerization and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). By using the 3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl PDE4 pharmacophore as one of the aromatic rings, a significant improvement in PDE4 inhibition was achieved. Compound 28 was identified as a dual inhibitor with potent PDE4 (IC(50)=54 nM) and antitubulin activity (HCT-116 IC(50)=34 nM and tubulin polymerization IC(50) ～1 μM). While the nitrile group at the alkene terminus was generally required for potent antiproliferative activity, its replacement was tolerated if there was a hydroxyl or amino group on one of the aryl rings. Conveniently, this group could also serve as a handle for amino acid derivatization to improve the compounds' solubility. The glycinamide analog 45 showed significant efficacy in the HCT-116 xenograft model, with 64% inhibition of tumor growth upon dosing at 20 mg/kg qd.     

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of novel triazole-containing berberine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors

A series of novel triazole-containing berberine derivatives were synthesized via the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Their biological activity as inhibitors of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were evaluated. Among them, compound 16d, which featured a diisopropylamino substitution at the 4-position of triazole ring, was found to be a potent inhibitor of AChE, with IC(50) value of 0.044 μM. Compound 18d, which beares a butyl at the 4-position of the triazole ring, showed the highest potency of β-amyloid aggregation inhibition (77.9% at 20 μM). Molecular modeling studies indicated that the triazole moiety of berberine derivatives displayed a face-to-face π-π stacking interaction in a 'sandwich' form with the Trp84 (4.09 ?) and Phe330 (4.33 ?) in catalytic sites of AChE.     

我国东北土壤有机碳、无机碳含量与土壤理化性质的相关性

根据黑龙江、吉林、辽宁省和内蒙古地区相关历史资料数据,分析了我国东北表层土壤(0-50 cm)土壤相关理化性质与有机碳、无机碳的相关性,得到如下结论:土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾、K⁺离子交换量、Fe₂O₃、P₂O₅、总孔隙度均与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关(R²=0.10-0.94, n=38-345, P<0.0001),但与土壤无机碳含量则大多呈显著负相关(R²=0.11-0.30, n=37-122, P<0.01);与此相反,土壤pH值、容重与土壤有机碳呈负相关(R²=0.36-0.42,n=41-304, P<0.0001),而与无机碳呈显著正相关(R²=0.29-0.31,n=39-125, P <0.01)。表层土壤有机碳、无机碳与土壤理化性质呈相反变化趋势的结果说明,由于土壤利用方式变化所导致的土壤理化性质改变对土壤无机碳和有机碳可能具有相反影响。在研究土壤碳平衡过程中,应该充分考虑这种关系所导致的相互补偿作用,即有机碳的增加,可能意味着无机碳的减少,或者反之。目前研究中普遍忽略无机碳的变化,可能导致生态系统碳收支计算显著偏差,所获得的经验拟合方程有利于对我国东北地区土壤碳平衡研究产生的这种偏差进行粗略估计。     

天目山自然保护区银杏天然种群生命表

以种群生命表和生存分析理论为基础,采用空间代替时间法和分段匀滑技术,编制浙江天目山自然保护区银杏天然种群特定时间生命表,绘制其死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、存活曲线和生存函数曲线,分析种群数量动态变化.结果表明:银杏种群结构存在波动性,趋于Deevey Ⅱ型,其成年阶段的个体较丰富;银杏种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致...     

祁连山典型林区生态服务功能间接价值估算

采用常规和替代市场评估技术,对祁连山北坡东段哈溪林区有机质生产、水源涵养、水土保持、固定CO2和净化空气5种生态系统服务功能间接价值进行了估算,并对3种不同植被类型的生态服务功能价值进行了比较。结果表明,哈溪林区5种服务功能总价值为52061.00万元,其中森林、灌丛和草地分别为19510.34万元、25200.01万元和7350.65万元。按有林地面积推算,祁连山森林生态系统提供的服务功能间接经济价值是天祝县国民生产总值的3～5倍,森林生态系统所提供的生态服务功能价值远远超过了当地社会创造的经济价值。就水源涵养和水土保持服务功能而言,灌丛提供的总价值最大。     

微滤膜分离提纯苦楝素的研究

通过对不同孔径和材质的微孔滤膜对苦楝提取液过滤分离比较,优选出孔径为0.45μm的聚醚砜微滤膜对苦楝提取液具有良好的过滤性能。确定的膜分离提纯苦楝素优化工艺条件是:在料液浓度为0.374 mg/mL,料液温度35℃,操作压力差为0.08 MPa,循环流量为0.15 L/h,pH=7.0,苦楝素的转移率为99.4%,除杂率为8.3%,通量为147.2 L/m2.h,苦楝素的纯度为由提取液的0.89%,提高到了8.79%。     

帽儿山地区落叶松人工林CO2通量特征及对林分碳收支的影响

2008年,采用涡度协方差法测定了黑龙江省尚志市帽儿山地区落叶松人工林的CO₂通量,并于生长季(5—10月)不同月份测定了落叶松叶片光合日变化.结果表明: 不同时间段环境因子变化对落叶松人工林净生态系统交换量的影响存在差异,下午(12:00—24:00) 的净生态系统交换量对其饱和蒸汽压亏缺的变化反应较上午(0:00—12:00)迟钝;上午光能利用效率为0.6284 mol·mol^-1,是下午的1.14倍;随温度上升,上午净生态系统交换量的增幅是下午的1.5倍(气温>15 ℃).这种差异使落叶松林净碳交换量的88%在上午完成,而下午仅完成净碳交换量的12％;上、下午生态系统生产力分别占全天的60%和40%,上午叶片的光合能力为下午的3倍.落叶松人工林全年净生态系统交换量在263～264 g C·m^-2,生态系统呼吸在718～725 g C·m^-2,总初级生产力在981～989 g C·m^-2.     

甘肃兴隆山主要森林类型凋落物累积量及持水特性

2010年,采用野外实地观测与室内浸水法,对甘肃兴隆山6种主要森林类型(青杆林、青杆-白桦林、山杨-白桦林、灌丛林、落叶松林、油松林)林下凋落物的累积量、持水量、持水率和吸水速率进行了研究.结果表明:不同森林类型凋落物层累积量在13.40～46.32 t·hm-2,为油松林＞青杆-白桦林＞落叶松林＞青杆林＞灌丛林＞山杨-白桦林,且针叶林累积量高于阔叶林;半分解层累积量所占比例均高于未分解层.凋落物最大持水率为185.5％～303.6％,落叶松林最大,油松林最小,持水率与浸水时间呈对数关系;针叶林未分解层持水率均小于半分解层,而阔叶林则相反.凋落物最大持水量在3.94～8.59 mm,为油松林＞落叶松林＞青杆-白桦林＞青杆林＞灌丛林＞山杨-白桦林;持水量与浸水时间存在对数关系;半分解层持水量均大于未分解层.凋落物吸水速率与浸水时间存在幂函数关系,在浸水前1h内,吸水速率均直线下降,而浸水1.0h后吸水速率较小,且不同时段间变化较小;半分解层吸水速率高于未分解层.凋落物有效拦蓄量(深)为青杆-白桦林(5.97 mm)＞油松林(5.59 mm)＞落叶松林(5.46 mm)＞青杆林(4.30 mm)＞灌丛林(3.03 mm)＞山杨-白桦林(2.13 mm).