排序方式: 共有210条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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RB Singh S Gupta P Dherange F De Meester A Wilczynska SE Alam D Pella DW Wilson 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》2012,90(9):1171-1183
Recent research indicates an association between brain dysfunction and the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To investigate this, we created a Medline search (up to December 2011) of articles in PubMed. The results indicated that refined carbohydrates, saturated and total fat, high levels of ω-6 fatty acids, and low levels of ω-3 fatty acids and other long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), all in conjunction with sedentary behaviour and mental stress can predispose to inflammation. Increased sympathetic activity, with increased secretion of catecholamine, cortisol, and serotonin can cause oxidative stress, which may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as the hypothalamus and macrophages, and the liver may release pro-inflammatory cytokines. These, in conjunction with an underlying deficiency in long chain PUFA, may damage the arcuate nucleus as well as neuropeptide-Y and pro-opiomelanocortin neurons and insulin receptors in the brain, especially during fetal life, infancy, and childhood, resulting in their dysfunction. Of the fatty acids in the brain, 30%-50% are long chain PUFA, which are incorporated in the cell membrane phospholipids. Hence, ω-3 fatty acids, which are also known to enhance parasympathetic activity and increase the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 as well as acetylcholine in the hippocampus, may be protective. Therefore, treatment with ω-3 fatty acids may be applied for the prevention of metabolic syndrome. 相似文献
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Caroline F. Wright Nicholas M. Quaife Laura Ramos-Hernández Petr Danecek Matteo P. Ferla Kaitlin E. Samocha Joanna Kaplanis Eugene J. Gardner Ruth Y. Eberhardt Katherine R. Chao Konrad J. Karczewski Joannella Morales Giuseppe Gallone Meena Balasubramanian Siddharth Banka Lianne Gompertz Bronwyn Kerr Amelia Kirby Nicola Whiffin 《American journal of human genetics》2021,108(6):1083-1094
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Rajinder S. Mann Russell L. Rouseff Jack Smoot Nandikeswara Rao Wendy L. Meyer Stephen L. Lapointe Paul S. Robbins Charles E. Linn Francis X. Webster Siddharth Tiwari Lukasz L. Stelinski 《Insect Science》2013,20(3):367-378
Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is the vector of the phloem‐inhabiting bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which is presumed to cause HLB in Florida citrus. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to examine the behavioral responses of male and female D. citri to their cuticular extracts. In olfactometer assays, more male D. citri were attracted to one, five, or 10 female cuticular extract equivalent units than blank controls. The results were confirmed in field studies in which clear or yellow traps baited with 10 female cuticular extract equivalent units attracted proportionately more males than clear traps baited with male cuticular extract or unbaited traps. Analyses of cuticular constituents of male and female D. citri revealed differences between the sexes in chemical composition of their cuticular extracts. Laboratory bioassays with synthetic chemicals identified from cuticular extracts indicated that dodecanoic acid attracted more males than clean air. Traps baited with dodecanoic acid did not increase total catch of D. citri as compared with blank traps at the dosages tested; however, the sex ratio of psyllid catch was male biased on traps baited with the highest lure loading dosage tested (10.0 mg). 相似文献
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Banka S Blom HJ Walter J Aziz M Urquhart J Clouthier CM Rice GI de Brouwer AP Hilton E Vassallo G Will A Smith DE Smulders YM Wevers RA Steinfeld R Heales S Crow YJ Pelletier JN Jones S Newman WG 《American journal of human genetics》2011,(2):214-225
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a critical enzyme in folate metabolism and an important target of antineoplastic, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory drugs. We describe three individuals from two families with a recessive inborn error of metabolism, characterized by megaloblastic anemia and/or pancytopenia, severe cerebral folate deficiency, and cerebral tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency due to a germline missense mutation in DHFR, resulting in profound enzyme deficiency. We show that cerebral folate levels, anemia, and pancytopenia of DHFR deficiency can be corrected by treatment with folinic acid. The characterization of this disorder provides evidence for the link between DHFR and metabolism of cerebral tetrahydrobiopterin, which is required for the formation of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine and for the hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids. Moreover, this relationship provides insight into the role of folates in neurological conditions, including depression, Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson disease. 相似文献
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Vijaya Padma Viswanadha Siddharth Sivan Roopesh Rajendra Shenoi 《Molecular biology reports》2011,38(1):309-317
In the present study, we focused on the protective effect of Spirulina against 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced hepato and nephrotoxicity in the experimental rats. The 4NQO administration
resulted in increased levels of hepatic and renal markers [Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Lactate
Dehydrogenase (LDH), urea, creatinine and uric acid] in the serum of experimental animals. It also increased the oxidative
stress resulting in increased levels of the lipid peroxidation with a concomitant decline in the levels of non enzymic [reduced
glutathione (GSH)] and enzymic antioxidants [(Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST)] in both liver and kidney. Oral pretreatment with aqueous extract of Spirulina prevented 4NQO induced changes in the levels of hepatic and kidney diagnostic marker enzymes in the serum of experimental
rats. It counteracted the 4NQO induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the hepatic and kidney antioxidant defense system
at near normal in both liver and kidney. The antioxidant responsiveness mediated by Spirulina may be anticipated to have biological significance in eliminating reactive free radicals that may otherwise affect normal
cell functioning and provide a scientific rationale for the use of Spirulina. 相似文献
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Archana Pandita Bhupender Kumar Siddharth Manvati Samantha Vaishnavi Shashank K. Singh Rameshwar N. K. Bamezai 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Gemcitabine, an effective agent in treatment of cancer of pancreas, has undergone failures in many instances after multiple cycles of therapy due to emergence of drug resistance. Combination of dietary compounds with clinically validated drugs has emerged as an effective therapeutic approach to treat pancreatic tumors, refractory to gemcitabine therapy. In order to optimize a possible synergistic combination of Gemcitabine (GCB) with dietary molecules, Betuilnic acid (BA) and Thymoquinone (TQ), stand-alone IC50 dose of GCB, BA and TQ was calculated for pancreatic cancer cell lines. Fixed IC50 dose ratio of the dietary molecules in combination with reduced IC50 dose of GCB was tested on GCB resistant PANC-1 and sensitive MIA PaCa-2 cells for synergism, additive response and antagonism, using calcusyn. Combination index (CI) revealed that pre-treatment of BA and TQ along with GCB synergistically inhibited the cancer cell proliferation in in-vitro experiments. Pyruvate kinase (PK) M2 isoform, a promising target involved in cancer cell metabolism, showed down-regulation in presence of TQ or BA in combination with GCB. GCB with BA acted preferentially on tumor mitochondria and triggered mitochondrial permeability transition. Pre-exposure of the cell lines, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1, to TQ in combination with GCB induced apoptosis. Thus, the effectiveness of BA or TQ in combination with GCB to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and down-regulate the expression of PKM2, reflects promise in pancreatic cancer treatment. 相似文献