综述: Hippo通路在神经发育和神经系统疾病中的功能

Hippo通路是一个调控组织器官大小、细胞增殖、分化和凋亡的高度保守的信号通路.我们研究了氧化压力条件下Hippo通路在神经细胞中的作用,并发现哺乳动物STE20样的丝-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(MST1)可参与氧化应激诱导的神经细胞凋亡,其上游受非受体酪氨酸激酶c-Abl的调控.近期,我们研究发现MST1参与脑缺血引起的神经炎症,还发现Yes相关蛋白1(YAP)参与神经干细胞的自我更新.本文将介绍Hippo通路在中枢神经系统疾病和神经发育中的作用和机制研究的相关进展.     

山田胶锈菌和亚洲胶锈菌吸器提取体系建立

利用锈菌吸器特异性结合伴刀豆球蛋白Concanavalin A（ConA）的特性,用ConA-sepharose 4b作为层析介质,对自然状态下感染山田胶锈菌Gymnosporangium yamadae的绚丽海棠叶片以及接种亚洲胶锈菌G. asiaticum后不同发病时期沙梨叶片中胶锈菌的吸器进行分离,构建了吸器提取体系。结果表明,在感病叶片产生大量花斑时提取到这两种胶锈菌的完整吸器,经光学显微镜与透射电子显微镜观察,发现这两种胶锈菌的吸器形态相似,呈菌丝状或肾形或不规则形状,吸器体与叶绿体含量接近1:1。研究中提取得到了G. yamadae吸器总RNA,为胶锈菌的吸器转录组中候选效应分子筛选以及病原与寄主互作分子机制研究奠定了重要基础。     

玉米茎基腐病生防菌的筛选及应用

【目的】拟针对禾谷镰孢进行生防菌的筛选和应用研究,以期为玉米茎基腐病生防菌剂的研制奠定基础。【方法】通过对峙培养法对玉米茎基腐病的主要致病菌禾谷镰孢进行玉米内生生防细菌的筛选,从玉米主栽品种九单48幼苗内部获得一株具有较强抑菌效果的内生生防细菌(简称48SJ7-1);基于传统鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列测定及系统发育分析,对48SJ7-1进行鉴定;并通过盆栽试验测定该生防菌株的防效。【结果】菌株48SJ7-1经鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌,GenBank登录号为KU377993,48SJ7-1盆栽防效为68.47%,与对照药剂2%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂差异不显著。【结论】48SJ7-1对玉米茎基腐病的主要致病菌禾谷镰孢有较好防效,对玉米生长还有明显的促进作用,而且表观上无药害发生。     

Long noncoding RNA LINC00483/microRNA-144 regulates radiosensitivity and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma by interacting with HOXA10

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an important regulatory role in cancer biology, including that of LAD. The aim of this experiment was to explore the interaction of LINC00483, microRNA-144 (miR-144), and homeobox A10 (HOXA10), and their effects on radio sensitivity and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LAD. Initially, microarray analysis was used to screen out miRNAs and lncRNAs, as well as the differentially expressed genes related to LAD. Following the screening process, the targeting relationship of LINC00483, miR-144, and that of miR-144 and HOXA10 was determined. Following that, the expression of LINC00483, miR-144, messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as protein expression of HOXA10, MMP-2, MMP-9, E-cadherin, vimentin, and N-cadherin that followed in cells was determined. Also, the effect of LINC00483 on cell migration and invasion ability, and cell tumorigenic ability was detected. LINC00483 and HOXA10 were found to be upregulated whereas miR-144 was downregulated in LAD. Silencing of LINC00483 could competitively bind to miR-144, thereby upregulating HOXA10. LINC00483 or HOXA10 silencing led to decreased HOXA10, MMP-2, MMP-9, vimentin, and N-cadherin but elevated miR-144 and E-cadherin. Moreover, after being transfected with silenced LINC00483, the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were inhibited with enhanced radiosensitivity. Consequently, the data of the study indicates that interference of LINC00483 weakens its competitive binding ability to miR-144, thus reducing HOXA10 expression, and enhancing radiosensitivity in LAD.     

银粉背蕨配子体及幼孢子体发育的研究

银粉背蕨是一种小型观赏蕨类植物,但目前我国对该蕨的研究还不够成熟。本文利用改良Knop's培养基和腐殖土培养银粉背蕨的孢子,观察其配子体及幼孢子体形态发育特征,并研究了其配子体发育的最适培养基pH值。研究结果显示：（1）银粉背蕨孢子黄褐色,具三裂缝,极面观三角圆形,赤道面观为近半圆形,孢子具网状纹饰;孢子萌发为书带蕨型;原叶体发育为水蕨型;颈卵器和精子器为薄囊蕨型;成熟原叶体为对称的心脏形,不具毛状体;上述特征为银粉背蕨孢子和配子体发育的稳定特征。（2）培养基pH值在7.0~9.0时随着碱性的增强,银粉背蕨孢子萌发和配子体生长发育速度逐渐增加。（3）利用腐殖土培养银粉背蕨孢子,7~8周可发育成幼叶,成苗率达90%,成苗健壮,根系发达,是扩繁银粉背蕨的适宜方式。本文为资源植物银粉背蕨人工繁殖和演化研究提供科学依据。     

红火蚁及其他两种蚂蚁毒腺细菌鉴定与多样性分析(英文)

【目的】本研究旨在分析红火蚁Solenopsis invicta毒腺细菌群落多样性,并与热带火蚁Solenopsis geminata和聚纹双刺猛蚁Diacamma rugosum比较毒腺细菌群落差异。【方法】采用Illumine Hiseq 2500测序平台对红火蚁(工蚁、有翅蚁和蚁后)、热带火蚁(工蚁)及聚纹双刺猛蚁(工蚁)毒腺细菌群落16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序,基于测序数据进行生物信息学分析。【结果】变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在红火蚁工蚁、有翅蚁和蚁后以及热带火蚁工蚁毒腺中占优势,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在聚纹双刺猛蚁工蚁毒腺中占优势。与红火蚁工蚁和有翅蚁相比,柔壁菌门(Tenericutes)在红火蚁蚁后毒腺中更丰富。广州红火蚁蚁后毒腺中假单胞杆菌Pseudomonas相对丰度显著高于其在有翅蚁及工蚁中的。螺原体Spiroplasma相对丰度在热带火蚁毒腺中显著高于在聚纹双刺猛蚁工蚁毒腺中的。毒腺中细菌多样性分析发现,芽孢杆菌属Bacillus和乳酸杆菌属Lactobacillus在广西红火蚁工蚁中的相对丰度显著高于在广州红火蚁工蚁中的。然而,乳酸杆菌属细菌在聚纹双刺猛蚁工蚁毒腺中的相对丰度显著高于广西的热带火蚁工蚁毒腺中的。【结论】毒腺细菌组成和多样性在3种不同种类蚂蚁工蚁和红火蚁不同品级中存在差异。     

安徽定远盐矿可培养嗜盐微生物多样性

【背景】嗜盐微生物多生活于高盐环境,具有独特的生理代谢特征,是一类重要的极端环境微生物资源。【目的】为更好地认识我国陆相盐矿的嗜盐微生物多样性组成,更好地开发利用嗜盐微生物资源积累丰富的微生物菌种。【方法】对安徽定远盐矿盐芯样品进行嗜盐微生物的纯培养分离,并对所分离菌株进行基于16SrRNA基因的测序和序列相似性分析,并对所分离菌株进行物种多样性分析。在此基础上,对代表菌株进行菌落形态和耐盐度及酶活测定。【结果】通过纯培养共分离获得了嗜盐微生物264株,其中嗜盐古菌150株,占56.8%;嗜盐细菌114株,占43.2%。嗜盐古菌物种分别来自于Halorubrum、 Halopenitus、 Haloterrigena、 Natrinema、 Natronoarchaeum和Natronomonas等6个属;嗜盐细菌物种分别来自于Pseudomonas、Aliifodinibius、Halobacillus、Halomonas和Halospina等5个属。通过代表菌株的酶活平板检测,发现产胞外蛋白酶菌株1株,酯酶1株,淀粉酶2株;能液化明胶菌株2株。在物种多样性组成方面,发现嗜盐古菌的物种多样性指数高于嗜盐细菌。【结论】本研究对我国安徽定远陆相盐矿的可培养嗜盐微生物多样性进行探究,积累了丰富的嗜盐微生物菌株资源。     

SAPCD2 promotes neuroblastoma progression by altering the subcellular distribution of E2F7

Recent studies uncovered the emerging roles of SAPCD2 (suppressor anaphase-promoting complex domain containing 2) in several types of human cancer. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of SAPCD2 in the progression of neuroblastoma (NB) remain elusive. Herein, through integrative analysis of public datasets and regulatory network of GSK-J4, a small-molecule drug with anti-NB activity, we identified SAPCD2 as an appealing target with a high connection to poor prognosis in NB. SAPCD2 promoted NB progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SAPCD2 could directly bind to cytoplasmic E2F7 but not E2F1, alter the subcellular distribution of E2F7 and regulate E2F activity. Among the E2F family members, the roles of E2F7 in NB are poorly understood. We found that an increasing level of nuclear E2F7 was induced by SAPCD2 knockdown, thereby affecting the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and chromosome instability. In addition, Selinexor (KTP-330), a clinically available inhibitor of exportin 1 (XPO1), could induce nuclear accumulation of E2F7 and suppress the growth of NB. Overall, our studies suggested a previously unrecognized role of SAPCD2 in the E2F signaling pathway and a potential therapeutic approach for NB, as well as clues for understanding the differences in subcellular distribution of E2F1 and E2F7 during their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.Subject terms: Cancer, Cancer     

Comparative Analysis of the Shadoo Gene between Cattle and Buffalo Reveals Significant Differences

Background

While prions play a central role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, the biology of these proteins and the pathophysiology of these diseases remain largely unknown. Since no case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has ever been reported in buffalo despite their phylogenetic proximity to cattle, genetic differences may be driving the different susceptibilities of these two species to BSE. We thus hypothesized that differences in expression of the most recently identified member of the prion family or Shadoo (SPRN) gene may relate to these species-specific differences.

Principal Findings

We first analyzed and compared the polymorphisms of the SPRN gene (∼4.4 kb), including the putative promoter, coding and 3′ regions, and further verified the entire ORF and putative promoter. This yielded a total of 117 fixed differences, remarkably: 1) a 12-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the hydrophobic domain of the cattle but not buffalo gene, introducing a four amino acid expansion/contraction in a series of 5 tandem Ala/Gly-containing repeats; 2) two fixed missense mutations (102Ser→Gly and 119Thr→Ala), and three missense mutations (92Pro>Thr/Met, 122Thr>Ile and 139Arg>Trp) in the coding region presenting different (P<0.05) genotypic and allelic frequency distributions between cattle and buffalo; and, 3) functional luciferase-reporter experiments for the predicted promoter region, consistent with a significantly higher activity in buffalo than cattle. Supporting these findings, immunoblotting revealed higher relative expression levels of Sho protein in cerebrum from buffalo than from cattle. In addition, for cattle, highest Sho expression was detected in obex, as compared to cerebrum or cerebellum.

Significance

Our findings support Sho as a non-PrP specific marker for prion infections, with obex as the best tissue source for the detection of Sho in TSE rapid tests. Moreover, these discoveries may prove advantageous for further understanding the biology of prion diseases.