HLA-B*2736等位基因的序列分析

使用FLOW-SSO、PCR-SSP以及测序等分型技术, 发现一个与HLA-B*270401基因相关的未知基因。设计基因特异性引物单独扩增B*27基因的外显子2-5, 包括内含子2-4, 并进行双向测序, 分析与B*270401基因序列的差异。该基因的扩增产物为1 815 bp。与B*270401相比在外显子3和4共有10个碱基的改变, 从而使相应氨基酸发生错义或同义突变。碱基634 A→C (密码子130丝氨酸→精氨酸); 670 A→T (密码子142苏氨酸→丝氨酸); 683 G→T (密码子146色氨酸→亮氨酸); 698 A→T (密码子151谷氨酸→缬氨酸); 774 G→C (密码子176谷氨酸→天冬氨酸); 776 C→A (密码子177苏氨酸→赖氨酸); 781 C→G (密码子179谷氨酰胺→谷氨酸); 789 G→T (密码子181丙氨酸同义突变); 1 438 C→T (密码子206甘氨酸同义突变); 1 449 G→C (密码子210甘氨酸→丙氨酸)。在IMGT/HLA数据库中B*27组只有3个基因（B*270502 / 2706 / 2732）提交了内含子序列。该未知基因的内含子2序列与B*2706相同, 显示了与B*27组基因的同源性, 但其同源性在内含子3、4均未得到支持, 与B*27组基因相比, 内含子3的第106个碱基C→G, 碱基168缺失, 碱基179 G→A, 碱基536 G→A; 内含子4中碱基82 T→C。但其内含子3、4序列却与B*070201完全相同。该基因序列已提交GenBank, 编号为被DQ915176, 被WHO确认为HLA-B*2736等位基因。     

可溶性淀粉合成酶SSⅢ基因对马铃薯的遗传转化

马铃薯是淀粉生产中重要的农作物之一,而可溶性淀粉合成酶SSⅢ是可溶性淀粉合成酶的主要活性成分,通过基因工程的手段来研究SSⅢ基因在淀粉合成中的功能可以用于改良马铃薯淀粉的品质.本研究采用根癌农杆菌介导法将强组成型表达启动子CaMV 35S驱动的可溶性淀粉合成酶SSⅢ基因的RNA干扰表达载体导入马铃薯栽培品种克新1号和克新4号中,获得了65株卡那霉素抗性植株.对抗性植株PCR检测结果表明,SSⅢ基因的干扰片段已整合到马铃薯基因组中,RT-PCR检测表明SSⅢ基因在转录水平上受到了明显抑制.该研究为马铃薯淀粉品质的改良奠定了基础.     

Antioxidant and anticancer activity of extract from Betula platyphylla var. japonica

The antioxidant and anticancer properties of a medicinal plant, Betula platyphylla var. japonica were investigated. The total methanol extract of B. platyphylla var. japonica had protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cell line and induced apoptotic cell death in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells, a cancer cell line. B. platyphylla var. japonica extract significantly increased cell viability against H2O2. The extract also showed high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50 2.4 microg/ml) and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC50 below 4.0 microg/ml). Furthermore, B. platyphylla var. japonica extract reduced the number of V79-4 cells arrested in G2/M in response to H2O2 treatment and increased the activities of several cellular antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Treatment with B. platyphylla var. japonica extract induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HL-60 cells, as shown by nucleosomal DNA fragmentation, increases in the subdiploid cell population, and fluorescence microscopy. B. platyphylla var. japonica extract gradually increased the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and led to the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. These findings suggest that B. platyphylla var. japonica exhibits potential antioxidant and anticancer properties.     

Shp2 regulates SRC family kinase activity and Ras/Erk activation by controlling Csk recruitment

The protein-tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 plays an essential role in growth factor and integrin signaling, and Shp2 mutations cause developmental defects and/or malignancy. Previous work has placed Shp2 upstream of Ras. However, the mechanism of Shp2 action and its substrate(s) are poorly defined. Additional Shp2 functions downstream of, or parallel to, Ras/Erk activation also are proposed. Here, we show that Shp2 promotes Src family kinase (SFK) activation by regulating the phosphorylation of the Csk regulator PAG/Cbp, thereby controlling Csk access to SFKs. In Shp2-deficient cells, SFK inhibitory C-terminal tyrosines are hyperphosphorylated, and the tyrosyl phosphorylation of multiple SFK substrates, including Plcgamma1, is decreased. Decreased Plcgamma1 phosphorylation leads to defective Ras activation on endomembranes, and may help account for impaired Erk activation in Shp2-deficient cells. Decreased phosphorylation/activation of other SFK substrates may explain additional consequences of Shp2 deficiency, including altered cell spreading, stress fibers, focal adhesions, and motility.     

南海脆灯蕊柳珊瑚中西松烷型二萜和甾醇类化学成分研究

从南海水域脆灯蕊柳珊瑚的乙醇-二氯甲烷提取物中分离鉴定了6个西松烷型二萜和3个甾醇,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为:junceellin A(1),praelolide(2),junceellolides A~D(3~6),24-αmethylcholest-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6-βtriol(7),cholestan-3-ol(8),cholesterol(9);其中化合物1,2,7,8均为首次从该海洋动物中分离得到。     

基于转录组测序的Cd胁迫下芹菜细胞自噬相关基因的筛选

细胞自噬是植物逆境应答过程中最常见的保护机制之一。动物中,自噬相关基因抵御镉(Cd)毒害的功能研究较清楚,但植物却知之甚少。文中以芹菜品种‘皇后’为试材,采用外源Cd(终浓度为0、2、4、8mg/L)添加营养液水培处理,利用转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术筛选细胞自噬相关差异基因并进行q RT-PCR验证。结果表明Cd胁迫对芹菜植株产生了明显的毒害作用,并与浓度间产生了量效关系。在筛选的8个差异表达的自噬相关基因中,ATG8a、ATG8f、ATG13、AMPK-1、AMPK-2基因随Cd浓度升高表达上调,ATG12、VPS30和VPS34则先上调后下降,说明自噬相关基因可能通过表达上调增加了自噬小体结构以抵御Cd毒性作用;而高浓度Cd(8mg/L)可能超出芹菜的耐受范围,导致多个自噬基因又出现表达下调趋势。以上结果有助于后期自噬相关基因的功能研究,为进一步探讨芹菜对Cd胁迫的耐性机制提供参考依据。     

Human cholesteryl ester transport protein transgene promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in C57BL/6 mice and phospholipid transfer protein gene knockout mice

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry - Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) belong to the same gene family. Liver-specific expression of CETP...     

里氏木霉RutC30常温常压等离子体（ARTP）诱变筛选pyr4基因缺陷型菌株及转化系统的建立

以里氏木霉Trichoderma reesei重要工业生产菌RutC30为出发菌株,通过等离子体（ARTP）诱变筛选,以5-氟乳清酸（5-FOA）和尿苷（Uridine）进行筛选,获得一株pyr4基因缺陷株RutC30ΔU3。用含有野生型里氏木霉pyr4基因的互补质粒转化突变株,可回复野生性状。经测序发现其pyr4基因在核酸序列多个位点发生突变,其中包括两个错义突变和一个移码突变,从而导致乳清酸核苷-5′-磷酸脱羧酶失活。经遗传稳定性研究分析,传代5次后仍保持良好的尿苷依赖性、去葡萄糖阻遏以及高产纤维素酶特性。经实验筛选获得了pyr4基因缺陷菌株可作为基因表达系统的受体菌株,建立了以尿苷营养缺陷为筛选标记的木霉转化系统。     

Apoplastic hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion exhibited different regulatory functions in salt-induced oxidative stress in wheat leaves

The present work aimed to investigate the mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations and to explore their roles in the regulation of antioxidative responses in the wheat leaves under salinity. Except for an insignificant change of NO content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity due to 50 mM NaCl, NO, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion (O₂^?-), hydroxyl radical (?OH), chlorophyll and malondialdehyde content, as well as activities of nitric oxide synthase, NR, peroxidases (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase rose in response to different NaCl concentrations. Meanwhile, leaf superoxide dismutase activity lowered only at 50 mM NaCl. NaCl-stimulatory effects on NO content as well as POD and CAT activities could be partly alleviated by the application of 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetrame-thylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl (PTIO, NO scavenger), exogenous CAT, or diphenylene iodonium (DPI, NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also showed that the amount of POD (especially POD4, POD5, and POD7) and CAT (especially CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3) isozymes increased with increasing salinity but decreased by application of PTIO, CAT, or DPI. Furthermore, histochemical staining showed a similar change of O₂^?- generation. In addition, the inhibition of diamineoxidase (DAO), polyamine oxidase (PAO), and cell wall-bound POD (cw-POD) activities in NaCl-stressed seedlings seemed to be insensitive to the application of PTIO or DPI. Taken together, salinity-induced NO, H₂O₂, and O₂^?- generation influenced each other and played different roles in the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves of wheat seedlings under NaCl treatment.