Thermal shock hemolysis in human red cells. I. The effects of temperature, time, and osmotic stress

Thermal shock is a form of hemolysis which occurs in human red cells exposed to greater than a critical level of osmotic stress of 1.4 Osm and subsequently cooled from above about 12 degrees C to below that temperature. Higher concentrations and higher cooling rates each increase the amount of hemolysis, within limits. Incubation for varying periods in hypertonic solutions and varying temperatures of incubation affect the amount of thermal shock. The effect of cooling rate on thermal shock is independent of the period of exposure to hypertonic solutions. Thermal shock is not the cause of freezing injury in human red cells, at least above -10 degrees C.     

Molecular cloning of the human gastrin gene.

A genomic clone that contains the human gastrin gene was isolated from a human gene library. Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequencing analysis revealed that this gene is about 0.7 kb long, and has an intron. The intron is located at a position that separates the coding region into the peptide region essential for biological activities of gastrin and the non-essential, N-terminal peptide region.     

Release of LH after administration of an analog of synthetic LH-RH in cattle

The $\text{in vivo}$ effect of an analog of LH-RH, (Des-Gly-NH₂¹⁰, Proethylamide⁹)-LH-RH, on LH release, was studied in one bull with azooapermia, and one cow with cystic follicle. The single intravenous injection of 100 μg LH-RH analog caused abrupt and marked increase in serum LH and the high levels of LH were maintained for 3 hours. The highest levels of serum LH were 48 and 114 times as high as the pre-treatment levels in a bull and a cow, respectively. Further studies are being undertaken to evaluate this compound for improving reproductive function in cattle.     

Histologische und spektralphotometrische Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der „Stärke der Metachromotropie“ mit Dichlorpseudoisocyanin

Zusammenfassung Dichlorpseudoisocyanin (DPI) wurde hinsichtlich seines metachromatischen Verhaltens in vitro spektralphotometrisch geprüft. Nach Zugabe eines der Substrate Heparin, Chondroitinsulfat oder Polyron bildet sich im Bereich von 585–600 nm eine metachromatische Absorptionsbande aus. Diese wird durch Wasserstoffionen, Neutralsalze, Alkohol sowie Farbstoffverdünnung unterdrückt. In diesbezüglichen Testreihen erweist sich der DPI-Heparin-Komplex als wesentlich resistenter als ein entsprechender DPI-Chondroitinsulfatoder DPI-Polyron-Komplex.In analog angelegten Testreihen am histologischen Schnitt konnte gezeigt werden, daß die einzelnen sauren Gewebskomponenten gegenüber DPI eine unterschiedliche Stärke der Metachromotropie haben. Als am stärksten resistent gegen Störfaktoren erweisen sich die Heparin enthaltenden Mastzellen, gefolgt von Knorpelgrundsubstanz und Drüsenschleim.Die DPI-Metachromasie eignet sich gut zur Klassifizierung saurer Gewebskomponenten aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Stärke der Metachromotropie. Ihr Vorteil gegenüber der Toluidinblau- oder Acridinorange-Metachromasie liegt vor allem darin, daß die mit Dichlorpseudoisocyanin metachromatisch gefärbten Gewebskomponenten unter Verwendung eines Linienfilters (579 nm) auch im Schwarzweiß-Bild einwandfrei dokumentiert werden können.

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Histological and spectrophotometrical investigations to determine the strength of metachromotropy by dichlorpseudoisocyanine

Summary Dichlorpseudoisocyanine (DPI) was tested in vitro spectrophotometrically in view of its metachromatic effects. After the addition of one of the substrates heparin, chondroitin sulfate or polyron a marked metachromatic maximum is noted near 585–600 nm. This metachromatic absorption band is depressed by H⁺-ions, neutral salts, alcohol and the dilution of the dye-stuff. In test series it was shown that in this respect the DPI-heparincomplex is much more resistant than the complexes with chondroitin sulfate or polyron.Histological preparations in analogical test series showed that various acid components of the tissue possess a different strength of metachromotropy against DPI. Mast cells containing heparin proved most resistant against factors irritating metachromasia; they are followed by cartilage ground substance and glandular mucins.DPI-metachromasia is a valuable test to classify different acid tissue components with regard to their strength of metachromotropy. The advantage of this method in comparison with toluidine blue or acridine orange metachromasia is, that tissue components stained metachromatically with dichlorpseudoisocyanine may be documented successfully in black and white photographs by the use of a line filter (579 nm).

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