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2alpha,7beta,20alpha-Trihydroxy-3beta,21-dimethoxy-5-pregnene (1), 6,7,9alpha-trihydroxy-3,8,11alpha-trimethylcyclohexo-[d,e]-coumarin (2), 3beta-hydroxy-27-benzoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (3), and 3beta-hydroxy-27-benzoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (4), along with 24 known compounds were isolated and structurally characterized from roots and aerial parts of Helicteres angustifolia (Sterculiaceae). In a preliminary bioassay, the two cucurbitacin derivatives, cucurbitacin D and J exhibited significant inhibitory activities against the growth of both hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells and malignant melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells in vitro. 相似文献
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【目的】了解新疆玛纳斯热气泉土壤免培养细菌群落组成及多样性。【方法】采用免培养法直接从土壤样品中提取总DNA,利用细菌通用引物对土壤总DNA进行16S rDNA扩增,构建细菌16SrDNA文库。使用HaeⅢ限制性内切酶对阳性克隆进行限制性片段长度多态性分析(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP),挑选具有不同酶切图谱的克隆进行测序、比对并构建16SrDNA系统发育树。【结果】从土壤细菌16S rDNA文库中随机挑选了170个阳性克隆,共得到29个不同的分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)。系统发育分析归为6个门:酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)。其中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为绝对优势类群,占整个细菌文库的71%。29个OTUs中有14条序列与GenBank中相关序列的相似性低于97%(序列长度约1.5kb),占序列总数的48%。【结论】热气泉土壤细菌种群多样性较低,但存在大量潜在细菌新种。 相似文献
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新疆地震断裂带次生植物根际土壤微生物碳源利用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用BIOLOG技术研究了新疆富蕴地震断裂带6种次生植物对根际土壤微生物碳源利用的影响.结果表明:多数植物根际土壤养分显著高于对照.6种根际土壤的平均颜色变化率差异显著,且均高于对照.次生植物不影响根际土壤微生物碳源利用的丰富度,但改变了其优势度和均匀度.不同处理根际土壤微生物碳源利用存在差异,主要体现在对糖类、氨基酸类、羧酸类的利用上.断裂带上次生植物的出现使土壤微生物利用碳源的类型由酚类向糖类、羧酸类转变.土壤速效钾含量与土壤微生物对聚合物(r=-0.84)、胺类(r=-0.83)的利用呈负相关.新疆地震断裂带的次生植物能显著增强土壤微生物的碳源利用能力,改变碳源利用类型.密刺蔷薇和蓍在提高土壤微生物碳源利用能力和改善土壤养分方面效果最佳. 相似文献
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Wu KP Wu CW Tsao YP Kuo TW Lou YC Lin CW Wu SC Cheng JW 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(46):46007-46013
The flavivirus envelope protein is the dominant antigen in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and plays an important role in inducing immunologic responses in the infected host. We have determined the solution structure of the major antigenic domain (domain III) of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) envelope protein. The JEV domain III forms a beta-barrel type structure composed of six antiparallel beta-strands resembling the immunoglobulin constant domain. We have also identified epitopes of the JEV domain III to its neutralizing antibody by chemical shift perturbation measurements. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments are performed to confirm the NMR results. Our study provides a structural basis for understanding the mechanism of immunologic protection and for rational design of vaccines effective against flaviviruses. 相似文献
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Force can shorten the lifetimes of macromolecular complexes (e.g., receptor-ligand bonds) by accelerating their dissociation. Perhaps paradoxical at first glance, bond lifetimes can also be prolonged by force. This counterintuitive behavior was named catch bonds, which is in contrast to the ordinary slip bonds that describe the intuitive behavior of lifetimes being shortened by force. Fifteen years after their theoretical proposal, catch bonds have finally been observed. In this article we review recently published data that have demonstrated catch bonds in the selectin system and suggested catch bonds in other systems, the theoretical models for their explanations, possible structural bases, their relation to flow-enhanced adhesion, and the potential biorheological relevance. 相似文献
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The Nipah and Hendra viruses are highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses that recently emerged from flying foxes to cause serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore and Bangladesh. Their unique genetic constitution, high virulence and wide host range set them apart from other paramyxoviruses. These characteristics have led to their classification into the new genus Henpavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae and to their designation as Biosafety Level 4 pathogens. The fusion protein, an enveloped glycoprotein essential for viral entry, belongs to the family of class I fusion proteins and is characterized by the presence of two heptad repeat (HR) regions, HR1 and HR2. These two regions associate to form a fusion-active hairpin conformation that juxtaposes the viral and cellular membranes to facilitate membrane fusion and enable subsequent viral entry. The Hendra and Nipah virus fusion core proteins were crystallized and their structures determined to 2.2 A resolution. The Nipah and Hendra fusion core structures are six-helix bundles with three HR2 helices packed against the hydrophobic grooves on the surface of a central coiled coil formed by three parallel HR1 helices in an oblique antiparallel manner. Because of the high level of conservation in core regions, it is proposed that the Nipah and Hendra virus fusion cores can provide a model for membrane fusion in all paramyxoviruses. The relatively deep grooves on the surface of the central coiled coil represent a good target site for drug discovery strategies aimed at inhibiting viral entry by blocking hairpin formation. 相似文献
60.
Examination of the Kinetics of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Binding to the Herpesvirus Entry Mediator, Using Surface Plasmon Resonance 总被引:4,自引:8,他引:4
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Sharon H. Willis Ann H. Rux Charline Peng J. Charles Whitbeck Anthony V. Nicola Huan Lou Wangfang Hou Lisa Salvador Roselyn J. Eisenberg Gary H. Cohen 《Journal of virology》1998,72(7):5937-5947
Previously, we showed that truncated soluble forms of herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gDt) bound directly to a truncated soluble form of the herpesvirus entry mediator (HveAt, formerly HVEMt), a cellular receptor for HSV. The purpose of the present study was to determine the affinity of gDt for HveAt by surface plasmon resonance and to compare and contrast the kinetics of an expanded panel of gDt variants in binding to HveAt in an effort to better understand the mechanism of receptor binding and virus entry. Both HveAt and gDt are dimers in solution and interact with a 2:1 stoichiometry. With HveAt, gD1(306t) (from the KOS strain of HSV-1) had a dissociation constant (KD) of 3.2 × 10−6 M and gD2(306t) had a KD of 1.5 × 10−6 M. The interaction between gDt and HveAt fits a 1:1 Langmuir binding model, i.e., two dimers of HveAt may act as one binding unit to interact with one dimer of gDt as the second binding unit. A gD variant lacking all signals for N-linked oligosaccharides had an affinity for HveAt similar to that of gD1(306t). A variant lacking the bond from cysteine 1 to cysteine 5 had an affinity for HveAt that did not differ from that of the wild type. However, variants with double cysteine mutations that eliminated either of the other two disulfide bonds showed decreased affinity for HveAt. This result suggests that two of the three disulfide bonds of gD are important for receptor binding. Four nonfunctional gDt variants, each representing one functional domain of gD, were also studied. Mutations in functional regions I and II drastically decreased the affinity of gDt for HveAt. Surprisingly, a variant with an insertion in functional region III had a wild-type level of affinity for HveAt, suggesting that this domain may function in virus entry at a step other than receptor binding. A variant with a deletion in functional region IV [gD1(Δ290-299t)] exhibited a 100-fold enhancement in affinity for HveAt (KD = 3.3 × 10−8 M) due mainly to a 40-fold increase in its kinetic on rate. This agrees with the results of other studies showing the enhanced ability of gD1(Δ290-299t) to block infection. Interestingly, all the variants with decreased affinities for HveAt exhibited decreased kinetic on rates but only minor changes in their kinetic off rates. The results suggest that once the complex between gDt and HveAt forms, its stability is unaffected by a variety of changes in gD. 相似文献