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Vaccinations are the cornerstone of influenza prevention strategies. We carried out a meta-analysis of the messenger RNA expression profiles from recipients of trivalent inactivated vaccines (TIV) or live attenuated vaccines (LAIV) to determine the different recipients’ responses to these two types of vaccines, which may provide information to improve the design of future improved vaccines. We executed meta-analysis on these datasets using a random-effects model and identified 191 and 195 differentially expressed genes in TIV and LAIV, respectively, with an false discovery rate <0.05. The genes significantly upregulated by TIV were associated with both the innate immune response and the humoral immune response, whereas LAIV mainly activated the innate immune system. The identified genes that responsible for the immune difference between LAIV and TIV might provide new information to improve current vaccines to have better efficacy in children, adults, and the elderly. 相似文献
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Combinative effects of a bacterial type-III effector and a biocontrol bacterium on rice growth and disease resistance 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ren H Gu G Long J Yin Q Wu T Song T Zhang S Chen Z Dong H 《Journal of biosciences》2006,31(5):617-627
Expression of HpaGXoo, a bacterial type-III effector, in transgenic plants induces disease resistance. Resistance also can be elicited by biocontrol
bacteria. In both cases, plant growth is often promoted. Here we address whether biocontrol bacteria and HpaGXoo can act together to provide better results in crop improvement. We studied effects ofPseudomonas cepacia on the rice variety R109 and the hpaGXoo-expressing rice line HER1. Compared to R109, HER1 showed increased growth, grain yield, and defense responses toward diseases
and salinity stress. Colonization of roots byP. cepacia caused 20% and 13% increase, in contrast to controls, in root growth of R109 and HER1. Growth of leaves and stems also increased
in R109 but that of HER 1 was inhibited. WhenP. cepacia colonization was subsequent to plant inoculation withRhizoctonia solani, a pathogen that causes sheath blight, the disease was less severe than controls in both R109 and HER1; HER1, nevertheless,
was more resistant, suggesting thatP.cepacia and HpaGXoo cooperate in inducing disease resistance. Several genes that critically regulate growth and defense behaved differentially
in HER1 and R109 while responding toP. cepacia. In R109 leaves, theOsARF1 gene, which regulates plant growth, was expressed in consistence with growth promotion byP. cepacia. Inversely,OsARF1 expression was coincident with inhibition in growth of HER1 leaves. In both plants, the expression ofOsEXP1, which encodes an expansin protein involved in plant growth, was concomitant with growth promotion in leaves instead of roots,
in response toP. cepacia. We also studiedOsMAPK, a gene that encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase and controls defense responses toward salinity and infection by pathogens
in rice. In response toP. cepacia, an early expression ofOsMAPK was coincident with R109 resistance to the disease, while HER1 expressed the gene similarly whetherP. cepacia was present or not. Evidently,P. cepacia and GXoo-gene mediated resistance may act differently in rice growth and resistance. Whereas combinative effectsof P. cepacia and HpaGXoo in disease resistance have a great potential in agricultural use, it is interesting to study mechanisms that underlie interactions
involving biocontrol bacteria, type-III effectors and pathogens.
These authors contributed equally to this paper. 相似文献
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Shanshan Cao Qing Zhang Liu Song Mingzhong Xiao Yexing Chen Dianbing Wang Min Li Jinchao Hu Lin Lin Ying Zheng Kun Zhou Shujian Ye Juan Zhou Ya Na Zhou Jing Cui Jingzhi Wang Jing Sun Junxiu Tao Zhou Chen Rong Chen Peng Zhou Zhengli Shi Sheng Wei Linhua Zhao Hui Wang Xiaoling Tong Xiaodong Li Dong Men Baidong Hou Xian-En Zhang 《International journal of biological sciences》2022,18(12):4648
Asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2 is a major concern in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Many questions concerning asymptomatic infection remain to be answered, for example, what are the differences in infectivity and the immune response between asymptomatic and symptomatic infections? In this study, based on a cohort established by the Wuchang District Health Bureau of Wuhan in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan in 2019, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the clinical, virological, immunological, and epidemiological data of asymptomatic infections. The major findings of this study included: 1) the asymptomatic cohort enrolled this study exhibited low-grade but recurrent activity of viral replication; 2) despite a lack of overt clinical symptoms, asymptomatic infections exhibited ongoing innate and adaptive immune responses; 3) however, the immune response from asymptomatic infections was not activated adequately, which may lead to delayed viral clearance. Given the fragile equilibrium between viral infection and host immunity, and the delayed viral clearance in asymptomatic individuals, close viral monitoring should be scheduled, and therapeutic intervention may be needed. 相似文献