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181.
Sumie S Kawaguchi T Kuromatsu R Takata A Nakano M Satani M Yamada S Niizeki T Torimura T Sata M 《PloS one》2011,6(11):e26840
Background
Adiponectin is shown to be inversely associated with development and progression of various cancers. We evaluated whether adiponectin level was associated with the prevalence and histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Methods
A case-control study was conducted on 97 HCC patients (cases) and 97 patients (controls) matched for sex, Child-Pugh grade and platelet count in patients with HCV infection. The serum total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and examined in their association with the prevalence of HCC. In addition, the relationship between these adiponectin levels and body mass index (BMI), progression of liver fibrosis, and histological grade of HCC was also evaluated. Liver fibrosis was assessed using the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI).Results
There were no significant differences in the serum total and HMW adiponectin levels between cases and controls. Moreover, there were no inverse associations between serum total and HMW adiponectin levels and BMI in both cases and controls. On the other hand, serum total and HMW adiponectin levels are positively correlated with APRI in both cases (r = 0.491, P<0.001 and r = 0.485, P<0.001, respectively) and controls (r = 0.482, P<0.001 and r = 0.476, P<0.001, respectively). Interestingly, lower serum total (OR 11.76, 95% CI: 2.97–46.66 [P<0.001]) and HMW (OR 10.24, CI: 2.80–37.40 [P<0.001] adiponectin levels were independent risk factors of worse histological grade of HCC.Conclusions
Our results suggested that serum total and HMW adiponectin levels were predictors of liver fibrosis, but not prevalence of HCC in patients with HCV infection. Moreover, low these adiponectin levels were significantly associated with worse histological grades. 相似文献182.
Geetha S Singh V Ram MS Ilavazhagan G Banerjee PK Sawhney RC 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2005,278(1-2):101-109
The present study reports the immunomodulatory effects of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf extract on cellular and humoral immune response by studying delayed-type hypersensitivity response, IL-2, IL-4 and
γ-IFN levels and antibody titres in chromium-induced immunosuppressed animals. Oral feeding of chromium (30 mg/kg bw) significantly
inhibited antibody production and S-RBC induced delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Administration of leaf extract (100
mg/kg bw) along with chromium significantly inhibited chromium-induced immunosuppression. To understand the immunomodulatory
mechanism of leaf extract, in vitro studies were carried out using rat lymphocytes. Addition of chromium resulted in a significant decrease in lymphocyte size
and increased ROS generation. The leaf extract of seabuckthorn significantly inhibited chromium-induced reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generation and maintained the cell size identical to that of control cells. Chromium treatment markedly inhibited the
mitochondrial transmembrane potential by larger lymphocytes in particular, while the leaf extract restored the same significantly.
Chromium also inhibited significantly concanavalin A (ConA) induced IL-2, IL-4 and γ-IFN production in rat lymphocytes. The
leaf extract (100 μg/ml) alone stimulated IL-2 and γ-IFN production even in the absence of ConA and also inhibited chromium-induced
decline in IL-2 and γ-IFN production but it did not change IL-4 production. These observations suggest that the leaf extract
of seabuckthorn has significant immunomodulatory activity and specifically activates the cell-mediated immune response. (Mol
Cell Biochem 278: 101–109, 2005) 相似文献
183.
Tsuchiya K Kanematsu Y Yoshizumi M Ohnishi H Kirima K Izawa Y Shikishima M Ishida T Kondo S Kagami S Takiguchi Y Tamaki T 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2005,288(5):H2163-H2170
In this study, we investigated whether orally administered nitrite is changed to NO and whether nitrite attenuates hypertension in a dose-dependent manner. We utilized a stable isotope of [15N]nitrite (15NO2-) as a source of nitrite to distinguish between endogenous nitrite and that exogenously administered and measured hemoglobin (Hb)-NO as an index of circulating NO in whole blood using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. When 1 mg/kg Na15NO2 was orally administered to rats, an apparent EPR signal derived from Hb15NO (A(Z) = 23.4 gauss) appeared in the blood. The peak blood HbNO concentration occurred at the first measurement after intake (5 min) for treatment with 1 and 3 mg/kg (HbNO: 4.93 +/- 0.52 and 10.58 +/- 0.40 microM, respectively) and at 15 min with 10 mg/kg (HbNO: 38.27 +/- 9.23 microM). In addition, coadministration of nitrite (100 mg/l drinking water) with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1 g/l) for 3 wk significantly attenuated the L-NAME-induced hypertension (149 +/- 10 mmHg) compared with L-NAME alone (170 +/- 13 mmHg). Furthermore, this phenomenon was associated with an increase in circulating HbNO. Our findings clearly indicate that orally ingested nitrite can be an alternative to L-arginine as a source of NO in vivo and may explain, at least in part, the mechanism of the nitrite/nitrate-rich Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet-induced hypotensive effects. 相似文献
184.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from the gut in response to nutrient ingestion. Intravenous (iv) administration of GLP-1 (50 pmol-20 nmol) elicited dose-dependent increases in the rate of whole-body O2 consumption (VO2), an index of energy expenditure, and heart rate of urethane-anesthetized rats. The body core (colonic) temperature increased up to 0.3 degrees C without accompanying alteration of tail skin temperature. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of GLP-1 induced a slower and smaller increase in VO2 than the intravenous administration. The injection of glucagon-like peptide-2 (iv or icv) had no effect on VO2, body temperatures, or heart rate. Decerebration had no effect on the thermogenic responses induced by the iv administration of GLP-1, suggesting that the forebrain is not essential for these responses. However, cervical spinal transection greatly attenuated the responses, suggesting the critical involvement of the lower brainstem. Adrenalectomy or pretreatment with an autonomic ganglion blocker, hexamethonium, or a beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, also significantly attenuated the thermogenic response. However, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or celiac-superior mesenteric ganglionectomy had no effect. Rats made insulin-deficient by pretreatment with streptozotocin also exhibited the normal thermogenic response to GLP-1. These results suggest the involvement of the GLP-1 in postprandial energy expenditure, mediated by the lower brainstem and sympathoadrenal system. 相似文献
185.
186.
187.
Kageyama H Funahashi H Hirayama M Takenoya F Kita T Kato S Sakurai J Lee EY Inoue S Date Y Nakazato M Kangawa K Shioda S 《Regulatory peptides》2005,126(1-2):67-71
Ghrelin, a novel peptide isolated from stomach tissue of rats and humans, has been identified as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). In addition to its secretion from the stomach, ghrelin is also expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, intestine, kidney, placenta, and pancreas. GHS-R mRNA, on the other hand, is expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, and adipose tissue. Ghrelin is considered to have important roles in feeding regulation and energy metabolism as well as in the release of growth hormone (GH). Recent physiological experiments on the pancreas have shown that ghrelin regulates insulin secretion. However, sites of action of ghrelin in the pancreas are yet to be identified. In this study, to gain insight into the role of ghrelin in rat pancreatic islets, we used immunohistochemistry to determine the localization of ghrelin and GHS-R in islet cells. Double fluorescence immunohistochemistry revealed that weak GHS-R-like immunoreactivity was found in B cells containing insulin. GHS-R immunoreactivity overlapped that of glucagon-like immunoreactive cells. Moreover, both ghrelin and GHS-R-like immunoreactivities were detected mostly in the same cells in the periphery of the islets of Langerhans. These observations suggest that ghrelin is synthesized and secreted from A cells, and acts back on A cells in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. In addition, ghrelin may act on B cells via GHS-R to regulate insulin secretion. 相似文献
188.
Johnson JC Nettikadan SR Vengasandra SG Lovan S Muys J Henderson E Christiansen J 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2005,41(7):225-231
Summary Melanomacrophages (MMs) are a component of an internal, pigmented cell system in liver and splenic tissues of some fishes,
anurans, and reptiles. The cells have been found in centers or aggregates in sinusoids and are associated with cells capable
of producing a peptide cytokine and immunoglobulins. A unique cell extension process has been observed in turtle MMs placed
into cell culture, and this process has been studied by light and atomic force microscopy. These structures, referred to as
cablepodia, are uniquely straight, narrow, and unbranching and appear to originate from growth cones opposite lamellipodia.
Cablepodia were found to connect with other turtle MMs and fibroblasts forming cell networks. Dividing fibroblasts to which
a cablepodium attached ceased cell division. The observations collectively suggest that a principal reason for aggregations
of MMs in internal organs of lower vertebrates in their ability to form interconnected networks of cell processes for trapping
and processing of particulate matter, cells and infectious organisms and, possibly, for the communication of cell signals
and transfer of intracellular materials. 相似文献
189.
The performance of a molecular sensor for detecting nucleic acid base was studied by molecular orbital calculations of model compounds. The model compounds consist of a detecting unit (pyridine derivative), a conducting unit (benzene) and a connection between them. The changes of the HOMO, LUMO energy levels and charge distributions of the conducting unit by the hydrogen bonds formation between the detecting unit and thymine were studied. The calculations show that the choice of the connection and its position are significantly important to efficiently transmit the electronic effects to the conducting unit. The comparison with aminopyridine, where the pyridine ring plays both detecting and conducting units, shows that the electronic effects are transmitted quite efficiently, if the connection is properly selected. The size of the electronic effects by the formation of the hydrogen bonds were also compared with those induced by the change of the torsional angle between the pyridine and benzene rings and by substitution of the benzene ring. 相似文献
190.
Guo Z Wu D Zhu YF Tucci FC Regan CF Rowbottom MW Struthers RS Xie Q Reijmers S Sullivan SK Sai Y Chen C 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2005,15(16):3685-3690
SAR studies of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones as human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists resulted in potent compounds. The best compound from the series had a binding affinity of 2 nM. 相似文献