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101.
Hanya G Matsubara M Hayaishi S Zamma K Yoshihiro S Kanaoka MM Sugaya S Kiyono M Nagai M Tsuriya Y Hayakawa S Suzuki M Yokota T Kondo D Takahata Y 《Primates; journal of primatology》2008,49(2):116-125
Feeding conditions, competitive regime, and female social relationships of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Yakushima were compared between the two habitats at two different altitudes (coniferous forest, 1,000–1,200 m and coastal
forest, 0–200 m). Fruit availability was higher in the coastal forest. There was no consistent difference in the frequency
of agonistic interactions within a group during feeding between the two habitats. The coastal forest evoked stronger inter-group
contest competition compared to the coniferous forest as evidenced by a higher inter-group encounter rate and a higher proportion
of aggressive encounters to non-aggressive ones. Birth rate was higher in larger groups compared to smaller ones in the coastal
forest, but did not differ in the coniferous forest. In spite of these differences in competitive regime, no variation in
female social relationships was observed, such as direction and concentration on particular individuals in grooming, linearity
in dominance rank, counter-attack, and support of juvenile kin during agonistic interactions. The present results indicate
that the female social relationships of Japanese macaques are robust and do not change according to changes in the current
environment. 相似文献
102.
103.
104.
Takahisa Miyatake Satoshi Nakayama Yusuke Nishi Shuhei Nakajima 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2009,276(1668):2763-2767
Death-feigning, also called tonic immobility, is found in a number of animal species across vertebrate and invertebrate taxa. To date, five hypotheses have been proposed for the adaptive significance of tonic immobility. These are that tonic immobility is effective for prey because (i) avoiding dead prey is safer for predators, (ii) immobility plays a role in physical defence, (iii) immobility plays a role in concealment and/or background matching, (iv) predators lose interest in unmoving prey, and (v) the characteristic immobilization posture signals a bad taste to predators. The fourth and fifth hypotheses have been considered suitable explanations for tonic immobility of the red flour beetle against its predator, the jumping spider. In the present study, we used chemical analyses of secretions by the red flour beetles under attack by the jumping spider to reject the fifth hypothesis for this system. More importantly, we tested a selfish-prey hypothesis for the adaptive significance of death-feigning as an anti-predator strategy, in which individuals adopting tonic immobility survive by sacrificing neighbours. Findings showed that survival rates of feigners were higher when in the presence of non-feigners or prey of a different species, compared to when alone, thus confirming our selfish-prey hypothesis. In summary, our results suggest that immobility following a spider attack is selfish; death-feigning prey increase their probability of survival at the expense of more mobile neighbours. 相似文献
105.
Early studies on cell cycle regulation were based on experiments in model systems (Yeast, Xenopus, Starfish, Drosophila) and
have shaped the way we understand many events that control the cell cycle. Although these model systems are of great value,
the last decade was highlighted by studies done in human cells and using in vivo mouse models. Mouse models are irreplaceable
tools for understanding the genetics, development, and survival strategies of mammals. New developments in generating targeting
vectors and mutant mice have improved our approaches to study cell cycle regulation and cancer. Here we summarize the most
recent advances of mouse model approaches in dissecting the mechanisms of cell cycle regulation and the relevance to human
disease.
W. Li and S. Kotoshiba contributed equally. 相似文献
106.
Yukari Suzuki Michiko Minami Miho Suzuki Keiko Abe Shuhei Zenno Masafumi Tsujimoto Ken Matsumoto Yasufumi Minami 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2009,284(51):35597-35604
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E plays a critical role in the control of translation initiation through binding to the mRNA 5′ cap structure. eIF4E is also a component of processing bodies and stress granules, which are two types of cytoplasmic RNA granule in which translationally inactivated mRNAs accumulate. We found that treatment with the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin leads to a substantial reduction in the number of HeLa cells that contain processing bodies. In contrast, stress granules are not disrupted but seem to be only partially affected by the inhibition of Hsp90. However, it is striking that eIF4E as well as its binding partner eIF4E transporter (4E-T), which mediates the import of eIF4E into the nucleus, are obviously lost from stress granules. Furthermore, the amount of eIF4G that is associated with the cap via eIF4E is reduced by geldanamycin treatment. Thus, the chaperone activity of Hsp90 probably contributes to the correct localization of eIF4E and 4E-T to stress granules and also to the interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G, both of which may be needed for eIF4E to acquire the physiological functionality that underlies the mechanism of translation initiation. 相似文献
107.
Katsunori Fujikura Dhugal Lindsay Hiroshi Kitazato Shuhei Nishida Yoshihisa Shirayama 《PloS one》2010,5(8)
To understand marine biodiversity in Japanese waters, we have compiled information on the marine biota in Japanese waters, including the number of described species (species richness), the history of marine biology research in Japan, the state of knowledge, the number of endemic species, the number of identified but undescribed species, the number of known introduced species, and the number of taxonomic experts and identification guides, with consideration of the general ocean environmental background, such as the physical and geological settings. A total of 33,629 species have been reported to occur in Japanese waters. The state of knowledge was extremely variable, with taxa containing many inconspicuous, smaller species tending to be less well known. The total number of identified but undescribed species was at least 121,913. The total number of described species combined with the number of identified but undescribed species reached 155,542. This is the best estimate of the total number of species in Japanese waters and indicates that more than 70% of Japan''s marine biodiversity remains un-described. The number of species reported as introduced into Japanese waters was 39. This is the first attempt to estimate species richness for all marine species in Japanese waters. Although its marine biota can be considered relatively well known, at least within the Asian-Pacific region, considering the vast number of different marine environments such as coral reefs, ocean trenches, ice-bound waters, methane seeps, and hydrothermal vents, much work remains to be done. We expect global change to have a tremendous impact on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Japan is in a particularly suitable geographic situation and has a lot of facilities for conducting marine science research. Japan has an important responsibility to contribute to our understanding of life in the oceans. 相似文献
108.
109.
Nakanishi S Abe M Yamamoto S Murai M Miyoshi H 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2011,1807(9):1170-1176
Natural acetogenins are among the most potent inhibitors of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). Our photoaffinity labeling study suggested that the hydroxylated bis-THF ring moiety of acetogenins binds at "site A" in the third matrix-side loop connecting the fifth and sixth transmembrane helices in the ND1 subunit [Kakutani et al. (2010) Biochemistry 49, 4794-4803]. Nevertheless, since this proposition was led using a photoreactive Δlac-acetogenin derivative, it needs to be directly verified using a natural acetogenin-type probe. We therefore conducted photoaffinity labeling using a photoreactive natural acetogenin mimic ([(125)I]diazinylated natural acetogenin, [(125)I]DANA), which has a small photolabile diazirine group, in place of a hydroxy group, attached to the bis-THF ring moiety. Analysis of the photocross-linked protein in bovine heart submitochondrial particles unambiguously revealed that [(125)I]DANA binds to the membrane subunit ND1 with high specificity. The photocross-linking was completely blocked in the presence of just a 5-fold excess of bullatacin, indicating that [(125)I]DANA is an excellent mimic of natural acetogenins and hence binds to the site that accommodates natural products. Careful examination of the fragmentation patterns of the cross-linked ND1 generated by different proteases and their combinations indicated that the cross-linked residue is predominantly located at the supposed site A in the third matrix-side loop. 相似文献
110.
Taishi Hashiguchi Takanari Kobayashi Duriya Fongmoon Ajaya Kumar Shetty Shuji Mizumoto Nobuyuki Miyamoto Toshikazu Nakamura Shuhei Yamada Kazuyuki Sugahara 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2011