中国湖北产新植物

多年上草本,根茎匍甸、木质,略粗厚,主根1-3,外皮红赤色,横切面淡黄色,粗达5毫米,须根多数。茎直立,高30-80厘米,有时在1米以上,钝四棱形,具四槽,初被微柔毛,后变近无毛,常带紫色。     

基于微滴式数字PCR检测肠癌病人游离环状DNA KRAS突变的新方法

基于微滴式数字聚合酶链式反应(Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction,dd PCR)设计一种检测肠癌游离循环DNA(Circulating cell free DNA,cf DNA)中KRAS(V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog)基因突变的新方法并评估其灵敏度和准确性。根据肠癌病人KRAS基因的突变类型设计并合成,采用dd PCR扩增并评估其灵敏度和准确性;根据AMRS-PCR引物设计原理设计KRAS基因的实时定量PCR扩增引物并评估其准确性,进而比较dd PCR和q PCR二者之间的优缺点;最后针对52例肠癌病人的cf DNA采用dd PCR进行检测,研究dd PCR在cf DNA KRAS基因突变检测的应用。成功使用dd PCR和q PCR两种方法对KRAS野生型及7种突变型建立检测方法,使用质粒标准品及实际样品验证该两种方法可行并对其假阳性率、线性范围及检测下限等性能进行了评价,最后成功对52例临床患者和20例正常人的血浆cf DNA样本进行检测,临床灵敏度为97.64%,临床特异性为81.43%。dd PCR的检测性能优于q PCR,LOD达到个位数DNA拷贝,最低可确认突变浓度达到0.01%–0.04%。样本提取效率在方法学建立中也十分重要,直接影响到灵敏度和Cut Off值的判定。临床患者检测结果显示其KRAS突变率接近报道水平。     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏蛋白质表达谱的影响

目的:研究氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠肾脏组织蛋白质表达的影响。方法:采用蛋白质组学的技术,建立自发性高血压和氯沙坦干预后高血压大鼠肾脏的蛋白质二维凝胶电泳图谱,利用Imagemaster2Dv5.0软件分析蛋白点,并通过LC-MS/MS质谱分析和数据库检索鉴定差异蛋白质。结果:两组凝胶的平均蛋白点数分别为570±48、686±30。氯沙坦干预后有13个蛋白表达发生了显著变化,表达增强4个,表达降低4个,蛋白点消失5个。13个差异蛋白点进行质谱分析,鉴定出的7个蛋白质为Heat shock protein(Hsp)、Tubulin alpha-1chain、Transthyretin precursor、Liver regeneration-related protein LRRG03、Ezrin-radixin-moesin binding phosphoprotein50、Phosphoglycerate kinase1、Anionic trypsin I precursor。结论:这些差异表达的蛋白质可能在氯沙坦对高血压肾脏保护中发挥一定作用。     

Apigenin enhances the cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes

Activated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) play a central role in both initiating and driving RA. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been documented to induce apoptosis only in a small proportion of RAFLSs, which is followed by an induction of proliferation in surviving cells. Apigenin, a chemopreventive bioflavonoid, exhibits proapoptotic activity in many types of cells. In the present study, we sought to determine whether apigenin could enhance the cytotoxic effect of TRAIL on activated RAFLSs. Human RAFLSs isolated from patients with RA were treated with TRAIL (1 nM), apigenin (20 μM), or their combination, and subjected to apoptosis analysis after a 24-h incubation and proliferation analysis after a 72-h incubation. Apoptosis assay revealed that TRAIL or apigenin alone induced a marked apoptosis in RAFLS and their combination yielded a synergistic increase in RAFLS apoptosis. Immunoblotting analysis of apoptosis regulators demonstrated that combined treatment with apigenin increased caspase-3 expression and activity and decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio relative to treatment with TRAIL alone. The presence of apigenin significantly restrained TRAIL-induced RAFLS proliferation, coupled with restoration of the expression of two cell-cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. Moreover, the combination with apigenin blunted TRAIL-induced activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway. Our data collectively demonstrate that apigenin sensitizes RAFLS to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and counteracts TRAIL-dependent RAFLS proliferation, which is likely mediated through inactivation of PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway.     

豚鼠耳蜗中ATP对一氧化氮/环磷酸鸟苷途径的激活作用

实验研究了豚鼠耳蜗中ATP和一氧化氮／环磷酸鸟苷途径(nitric oxide／cyclic guanosine monophosphate,NO／cGMP pathway)的关系。将40只耳廓反射灵敏的健康白色豚鼠随机分为5组,分别对其离体的耳蜗即刻灌流人工外淋巴基础液(artificial perilymph basic solution,APBS)以及溶于人工外淋巴基础液的ATP、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋-N^G-硝基精氨酸(L-N^G-nitroarginine,L-NNA) ATP、可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂1H-[1,2,4]草酸重氮[4,3-a]喹恶啉(1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one,ODQ) ATP和A-23187(Ca^2 载体),收集耳蜗组织标本,利用放射免疫方法测定耳蜗组织中的cGMP的平均含量,比较各组之间耳蜗组织cGMF平均含量的差异。试验结果显示,向刚离体的耳蜗中灌流ATP和A-23187可以引起耳蜗组织中的cGMP含量升高,而灌流L-NNA和ODQ则可以抑制ATP所引起的耳蜗组织中cGMP含量的升高,提示在耳蜗组织中ATP可以通过升高细胞内Ca^2 浓度的作用而激活NO／cGMF途径。从本实验结果可以提出假说：耳蜗中ATP从神经末梢释放,通过提高细胞内Ca^2 的浓度,有激活NO／cGMP途径的作用,而NO／cGMP又能对ATP进行负反馈调节,两者共同调节耳蜗的生理功能,在耳蜗中存在ATP／Ca^2 -NO／cGMP通路。     

2,4-Diaminopyrimidine MK2 inhibitors. Part II: Structure-based inhibitor optimization

We describe structure-based optimization of a series of novel 2,4-diaminopyrimidine MK2 inhibitors. Co-crystal structures (see accompanying Letter) demonstrated a unique inhibitor binding mode. Resulting inhibitors had IC₅₀ values as low as 19 nM and moderate selectivity against a kinase panel. Compounds 15, 31a, and 31b inhibit TNFα production in peripheral human monocytes.     

Association of myostatin deficiency with collagen related disease-umbilical hernia and tippy toe standing in pigs

Transgenic Research - Herein, we investigate the high incidence of umbilical hernia and tippy-toe standing and their underlying changes in gene expression and proliferation in myostatin knockout...     

Mitochondrial genome nucleotide substitution pattern between domesticated silkmoth, Bombyx mori, and its wild ancestors, Chinese Bombyx mandarina and Japanese Bombyx mandarina

Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina are morphologically and physiologically similar. In this study, we compared the nucleotide variations in the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes between the domesticated silkmoth, B. mori, and its wild ancestors, Chinese B. mandarina (ChBm) and Japanese B. mandarina (JaBm). The sequence divergence and transition mutation ratio between B. mori and ChBm are significantly smaller than those observed between B. mori and JaBm. The preference of transition by DNA strands between B. mori and ChBm is consistent with that between B. mori and JaBm, however, the regional variation in nucleotide substitution rate shows a different feature. These results suggest that the ChBm mt genome is not undergoing the same evolutionary process as JaBm, providing evidence for selection on mtDNA. Moreover, investigation of the nucleotide sequence divergence in the A+T-rich region of Bombyx mt genomes also provides evidence for the assumption that the A+T-rich region might not be the fastest evolving region of the mtDNA of insects.