Aureonitols A and B,Two New C13‐Polyketides from Chaetomium globosum,an Endophytic Fungus in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Two new C₁₃‐polyketides, aureonitols A and B ( 1 and 2 ), along with five known compounds ( 3 – 7 ), were isolated from the solid fermentation culture of the plant endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum from the aerial parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The structures and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis and computed methods. Compound 5 was found to display the remarkable antimicrobial activities against four multidrug‐resistant bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) with MIC values of 3.13–6.25 μg/mL (ciprofloxacin: 0.78–1.56 μg/mL), and also against all tested fungal strains with MIC values of 3.13–25 μg/mL (ketoconazole: 0.78–12.50 μg/mL).     

Enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme‐linked immunoassay for the determination of DNA methyltransferase 1 in human serum

The occurrence of many diseases is closely related to the high expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). However, most studies are focused on the detection of DNMT1 activity, a few are concerned with the detection of DNMT1 content. In this study, we developed a simple and highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) assay for the detection of DNMT1 content. In this method, anti‐DNMT1 monoclonal antibody was coated on a polystyrene microplate to capture DNMT1. Then anti‐DNMT1 polyclonal antibody and goat anti‐rabbit immunoglobulin G with horseradish peroxidase (IgG‐HRP) were respectively added to combine with captured DNMT1 to form a sandwich structure. Finally, the HRP could catalyze CL substrate and achieve CL signal response. Based on this novel sensitive strategy, the recovery percents were in the ranges from 71.5% to 91.0%. The precision of intra‐assays and inter‐assays were 5.45%–11.29% and 7.03%–11.25%, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of DNMT1 in human serum. The detection results of serum samples showed that the proposed assay had a high correlation with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Compared with the ELISA kit (limit of detection = 0.1 ng/mL), the method has a lower limit of detection of 0.042 ng/mL. Therefore, our method has the potential for the detection of DNMT1 content in clinical diagnosis.     

Absence of estrogen receptor beta leads to abnormal adipogenesis during early tendon healing by an up‐regulation of PPARγ signalling

Achilles tendon injury is one of the challenges of sports medicine, the aetiology of which remains unknown. For a long time, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been known as a regulating factor of the metabolism in many connective tissues, such as bone, muscle and cartilage, but little is known about its role in tendon. Recent studies have implicated ERβ as involved in the process of tendon healing. Tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) are getting more and more attention in tendon physiological and pathological process. In this study, we investigated how ERβ played a role in Achilles tendon healing. Achilles tendon injury model was established to analyse how ERβ affected on healing process in vivo. Cell proliferation assay, Western blots, qRT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to investigate the effect of ERβ on TDSCs. Here, we showed that ERβ deletion in mice resulted in inferior gross appearance, histological scores and, most importantly, increased accumulation of adipocytes during the early tendon healing which involved activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signalling. Furthermore, in vitro results of ours confirmed that the abnormity might be the result of abnormal TDSC adipogenic differentiation which could be partially reversed by the treatment of ERβ agonist LY3201. These data revealed a role of ERβ in Achilles tendon healing for the first time, thereby providing a new target for clinical treatment of Achilles tendon injury.     

野生灵芝BSU01的分离鉴定、生物学特性及其木质纤维素酶活分析

灵芝作为传统中药,具有重要的医药和经济价值。本研究以一株野生灵芝属真菌BSU01为实验材料,通过形态特征和ITS序列聚类分析对其进行了鉴定,探讨了该菌株菌丝生长的最适碳源、氮源、C/N、pH及温度等生物学特征,以及该菌株产木质纤维降解素酶的能力。结果表明,菌株BSU01的形态特征与有柄灵芝相符;且与有柄灵芝ITS序列一致性达99%,并在系统发育树上聚在一起;菌株BSU01菌丝生长最适碳源为果糖或者葡萄糖,氮源为酵母提取物,C/N比为20/1到30/1,温度为30℃,pH值为5.5;菌株BSU01的漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶和Mn依赖过氧化物酶分别为12.13 U/L、0.52 U/L和0.33 U/L;CMCase和木聚糖酶酶活分别为7.14 U/mL和1.88 U/m L。本研究结果将为该菌的进一步开发利用提供数据参考。     

Knockdown of RPL34 inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioma cells through the inactivation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway

Ribosomal protein L34 (RPL34), belonging to the L34E family of ribosomal proteins, was reported to be dysregulated in several types of cancers and plays important roles in tumor progression. However, the expression and roles of RPL34 in human glioma remain largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the expression and role of RPL34 in glioma. We report here that RPL34 is highly expressed in human glioma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of RPL34 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as prevented the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in glioma cells. Further, mechanistic analysis showed that knockdown of RPL34 significantly downregulated the levels of p-JAK and p-STAT3 in glioma cells. Taken together, our findings indicated that knockdown of RPL34 inhibits the proliferation and migration of glioma cells through the inactivation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, RPL34 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.     

miR-377-5p inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation,invasion, and cell cycle progression by targeting AKT1 signaling

Lung carcinoma is the most common type of malignant tumors globally, and its molecular mechanisms remained unclear. With the aim to investigate the effects of microRNA (miR)-377-5p on the cell development, invasion, metastasis, and cycle of lung carcinoma, this study was performed. We evaluated miR-377-5p expression levels in lung cancer tissues and cell models. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion abilities, and cell cycle distribution were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, crystal violet, transwell, and flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, expression levels of protein kinase B α subunit (AKT1) and proteins related to cell cycle and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were assessed using Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results suggested that miR-377-5p was downregulated in vivo and in cell models, and miR-377-5p overexpression inhibited cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced cell-cycle arrest. In addition, as a target of miR-377-5p, AKT1 alleviated the decreases of cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, the S-phase cells, the expression of cyclin D1, fibronectin, and vimentin, as well as the increases of the G0/G1-phase cells, the expression of Foxo1, p27 ^kip1, p21 ^Cip1 and E-cadherin when miR-377-5p overexpressed. In conclusion, miR-377-5p inhibited cell development and regulated cell cycle distribution and EMT by targeting AKT1, which provided a theoretical basis for further study of lung carcinoma therapeutics.