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Corynebacterium cultures, isolated from soil by the use of n-paraffin as the sole carbon source have been shown to bring about significant oxidation of a new compound, dl-cistetrahydro-2-oxo-4-n-pentyl-thieno-(3,4-d)-imidazoline (dl-TOPTI), in the presence of hydrocarbon.The co-oxidation products were isolated from culture broth and identified as dl-biotinol and dl-biotin by IR, NMR and MS spectroscopies. 相似文献
234.
N-Benzyl-(l-deoxy-l-p-toluidino)-D-fructosylamine gives extensive browning on heating in methanol or ethyl acetate especially in the present acid, and from the browned solutions N-benzyl-D-arabinonamide has been isolated. Under stream of oxygen the browning is less extensive but the yield of D-arabinonamide is increased; under nitrogen the browning is slight and unchanged diaminosugar has been recovered. In the presence of an excess of benzyl-amine, benzylammonium D-arabinonate has been isolated. N-Cyelohexyl- (2-cyclohexylamino-2-deoxy) -D-glucosylamine on heating with acid in stream of oxygen gives small amounts of N, N-bis (cyclohexyl) -oxaldiamide, dicyclohexyliminoglyoxal and cyclohexylammonium D-arabinonate as the oxidation products. The mechanism of the oxidative cleavages has been explained in terms of the high reducing ability of the enediamine structures which are formed by rearrangement of 1,2-diaminosugars; in the case of N-cyclohexyl- (2-cyclohexylamino-2-deoxy) -D-glucosylamine dehydrogenation of the enediamine structure to diiminoglucosone should be involved. The findings are applied to explain the fragmentation of sugar molecules in the amino-carbonyl reactions. 相似文献
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Eikawa S Ohue Y Kitaoka K Aji T Uenaka A Oka M Nakayama E 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2010,185(11):6734-6740
Analysis of cytokine and chemokine production by tumor cell lines including five lung cancers, a malignant mesothelioma, and a malignant melanoma recently established in our laboratory showed rather high production of IL-8 in all tumors and IL-6 in one lung cancer, the malignant mesothelioma, and the malignant melanoma. We investigated the migration of PBMCs to these tumor cells using Transwell plates and showed enrichment of Foxp3(+) CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) in migrated T cells to both IL-6- and IL-8-producing tumors. Marked induction of CXCR1 expression on Foxp3(+) CD4 Tregs by IL-6 followed by IL-8-mediated migration appeared to be responsible for enriched migration. Frequent production of IL-8 by the tumors and Treg migration to those tumors through induction of IL-8R expression by IL-6 is one of the mechanisms for tumor escape. 相似文献
237.
Mitochondrial abnormality has been implicated in various models of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. We investigated modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation in a rat experimental glaucoma model. A decrease in MitoTracker-labeled mitochondria around the lamina area of the optic nerve was observed in the glaucomatous eye. Immunoblot analysis for axonal motor proteins showed that a significant decrease in kinesin 1 and myosin Va levels in the glaucomatous optic nerve. A significant decrease in mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx2) level was observed in the optic nerve after intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Translocation of AIF from the mitochondria to the axoplasm and nucleus was observed in the axon and cell body, respectively. Trx2 over-expression in the mitochondrial membrane of RGC-5 cells inhibited AIF translocation, resulting in cytoprotective effect against neurotoxicity induced by TNF-α/buthionine sulfoximine treatment. In vivo transfection was performed with EGFP-Trx2 plasmid and electroporation. Over-expression of Trx2 in the retina and optic nerve indicated the protective effect against high IOP induced axonal degeneration. Thus, the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequent AIF translocation were involved in the glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Furthermore, modulation of mitochondria through the inhibition of AIF translocation may become a new treatment strategy for neurodegenerative disease, such as glaucoma. 相似文献
238.
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (GalNAc) is a common monosaccharide found in biologically functional sugar chains, but its availability is often limited due to the lack of abundant natural sources. In order to produce GalNAc from abundantly available sugars, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (GlcNAc) was converted to GalNAc by a one-pot reaction using three enzymes involved in the galacto-N-biose/lacto-N-biose I pathway of bifidobacteria. Starting the reaction with 600 mM GlcNAc, 170 mM GalNAc was produced at equilibrium in the presence of catalytic amounts of ATP and UDP-Glc under optimized conditions. GalNAc was separated from GlcNAc using water-eluting cation-exchange chromatography with a commonly available cation-exchange resin. 相似文献
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Yahata N Asai M Kitaoka S Takahashi K Asaka I Hioki H Kaneko T Maruyama K Saido TC Nakahata T Asada T Yamanaka S Iwata N Inoue H 《PloS one》2011,6(9):e25788