马鞍列岛岩礁生境鱼类群落结构时空格局

基于2009年马鞍列岛潮下带岩礁生境的多网目三层组合刺网逐月调查数据,对鱼类群落月相和季度间的变化、区域尺度上的空间差异和群落的稳态进行了探讨,应用优势种相对丰度和生物量、定居性鱼类和洄游种的季节动态、非度量多维标度(nMDS)和生物量丰度曲线(ABC)分析方法对群落时空格局进行了分析。结果显示:季节性洄游种集中出现在夏秋季,但对岩礁生境的利用表现出不同区域的强度差异;小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis和黄姑鱼Nibea albiflora周年利用岩礁生境,但强度有别,尤其在冬季;定居性鱼类褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus、斑头鱼Agrammus agrammus和大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii在春末夏初的种群密度最高,同样表现出某些或大部分月份的区域差异;而河口种中国花鲈Lateolabrax maculatus则更多地选择秋冬季出现在岩礁生境。多元分析结果揭示了当地岩礁生境鱼类群落格局上显著的季节和区域差异,这是定居性鱼类对岩礁生境利用的阶段性变化和区域差异、结合洄游种季节迁移和选择性分布等因素作用下共同形成的格局。ABC分析进一步发现,丰富的鱼类生态类型形成了夏季岩礁生境更为稳定的群落状态,而冬季相反;同时各季度A区的群落干扰明显强过B区。研究表明,产卵季节海域西北部的岩礁生境很可能起着主要的产卵场功能,而东南部区域各季度皆侧重于幼鱼育肥场的功能表达。丰富的种类区系加之优势种的季节性交替出现,共同塑造了岩礁生境极具动态的鱼类群落格局,对维持岛礁海域鱼类多样性以及局部区域生态系统的稳定性起着非常重要的作用。     

黑土长期施肥及养分循环再利用的作物产量及土壤肥力质量变化Ⅱ、养分在作物体内分配

根据黑土长期肥料试验1985－1995年期间的作物分析资料,研究了施肥和作物生长状况对大豆、玉米、小麦3种作物体内养分浓度、养分在籽实和秸秆中分配比以及形成1000kg籽实产量的收获养分量等参数的影响,结果表明,在本试验的正常施肥条件下,上述参数十分稳定,受施肥和作物生长状况的影响不大,可直接用于这一地区养分收支的估算。     

黑土长期施肥及养分循环再利用的作物产量及土壤肥力变化Ⅳ.有机碳组分的变化

应用长期定位试验研究了中国东北黑土长期施肥及养分再循环的土壤有机碳组分的变化.20年间变化趋势如下：不施肥处理黑土总有机碳(TOC)含量下降了7.83%;施用化肥N和NP处理,黑土TOC含量分别下降了4.56%和1.61%,NPK处理上升了0.33%.单一的循环处理下降了5.56%;N+循环、NP+循环和NPK+循环分别提高了0.35%、1.05%和0.64%.证明了无肥、单纯的氮、磷化肥和原始的有机农业循环方式不能保持黑土TOC,呈下降趋势;合理施用化肥和化肥加有机肥模式能保持黑土TOC稳定或略有增加.黑土易氧化有机碳含量(ROC)表现为施肥高于无肥,其增加幅度为8.64%～28.4%,循环加化肥处理ROC均高于对应的化肥处理,与秸秆产量关系Y=19032 X-7950.6 (R²=0.759),与TOC关系Y=14.192 X+23.9 (R²=0.802).轻组有机碳(LF-C)变化与ROC趋势相同.黑土非活性有机碳库胡敏酸和富里酸无论在何种施肥方式下均呈下降趋势或在一定范围内上下波动,与试验前土壤相比,胡敏酸下降幅度在1.64%～26.23%之间;富里酸下降幅度在2.33%～28.68%之间,化肥配施循环猪圈肥能够减缓二者的下降速度甚至能够稍有增加.     

石蕊属地衣2中国新记录种

石蕊属地衣初生地衣体鳞片状、次生果柄圆柱形,世界上报道了500多种,是地衣多样性的重要组成部分,并具有重要的生态功能。在深入研究中国石蕊属地衣过程中,基于形态学特征、化学特征和nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,从采集于河北省和云南省的地衣标本中发现了石蕊属地衣2个中国新记录种——喀麦隆石蕊(Cladonia camerunensis)和覆瓦石蕊(C.imbricata)。该文提供了2种石蕊属地衣特征的详细描述和图片并与相近种类进行比较。     

Genetic variations and forensic characteristics of Han Chinese population residing in the Pearl River Delta revealed by 23 autosomal STRs

Molecular Biology Reports - Pearl River Delta, known as the Chinese “South Gate”, locates adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and across the sea from the Southeast Asian region. Herein,...     

地卷属1中国新记录种——西方地卷(新拟)

通过对采自黑龙江省呼中自然保护区地卷属地衣的形态解剖学和化学研究,结合基因nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,报道了地卷属地衣1中国新记录种——西方地卷(新拟)［Peltigera occidentalis (.E. Dahl) Kristinsson］。该种的识别特征为上表面平滑,中部稍具光泽,无绒毛、裂芽和小裂片;下表面边缘淡棕色,中部棕黑色,脉纹扁平且明显,假根单一至束状。该文对基于中国标本的西方地卷进行了详细描述,并与形态相似的3个种——小瘤地卷、多指地卷和犬地卷分别进行了比较,提供了西方地卷形态相似种的检索表。     

Autophosphorylation of H2AX in a cell-specific frozen dependent way

Effective cryopreservation is a highly desired outcome in many laboratories including clinical and research centers. Cryopreservation-induced cellular damage through necrosis and apoptosis has been well characterized. However, our knowledge of the mechanism of induction of these cell death modalities is limited. H2AX histone phosphorylation to γ-H2AX is a DNA damage response and is an excellent indicator of DNA double stranded break formation. In this study we examined and detected significant phosphorylation of H2AX in response to cryopreservation of HELF and B16 cell lines. The data provide strong evidence of intrinsic alterations in DNA repair pathway members for which the impact is yet to be fully understood. While further investigation will be necessary to characterize this response, our findings show a clear linkage between freezing resulting in phosphorylation and activation of the key DNA repair enzyme H2AX.     

Rat bone marrow-derived schwann-like cells differentiated by the optimal inducers combination on microfluidic chip and their functional performance

Numerous researches demonstrated the possibility of derivation of Schwann-like (SC-like) cells in vitro from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). However, the concentration of the induce factors were different in those studies, especially for the critical factors forskolin (FSK) and β-heregulin (HRG). Here, we used a new and useful method to build an integrated microfluidic chip for rapid analyses of the optimal combination between the induce factors FSK and HRG. The microfluidic device was mainly composed of an upstream concentration gradient generator (CGG) and a downstream cell culture module. Rat BMSCs were cultured in the cell chambers for 11 days at the different concentrations of induce factors generated by CGG. The result of immunofluorescence staining on-chip showed that the group of 4.00 μM FSK and 250.00 ng/ml HRG presented an optimal effect to promote the derivation of SC-like cells. Moreover, the optimal SC-like cells obtained on-chip were further tested using DRG co-culture and ELISA to detect their functional performance. Our findings demonstrate that SC-like cells could be obtained with high efficiency and functional performance in the optimal inducers combination.     

Hydrogen peroxide primes heart regeneration with a derepression mechanism

While the adult human heart has very limited regenerative potential, the adult zebrafish heart can fully regenerate after 20% ventricular resection. Although previous reports suggest that developmental signaling pathways such as FGF and PDGF are reused in adult heart regeneration, the underlying intracellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that H₂O₂ acts as a novel epicardial and myocardial signal to prime the heart for regeneration in adult zebrafish. Live imaging of intact hearts revealed highly localized H₂O₂ (∼30 μM) production in the epicardium and adjacent compact myocardium at the resection site. Decreasing H₂O₂ formation with the Duox inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) or apocynin, or scavenging H₂O₂ by catalase overexpression markedly impaired cardiac regeneration while exogenous H₂O₂ rescued the inhibitory effects of DPI on cardiac regeneration, indicating that H₂O₂ is an essential and sufficient signal in this process. Mechanistically, elevated H₂O₂ destabilized the redox-sensitive phosphatase Dusp6 and hence increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. The Dusp6 inhibitor BCI achieved similar pro-regenerative effects while transgenic overexpression of dusp6 impaired cardiac regeneration. H₂O₂ plays a dual role in recruiting immune cells and promoting heart regeneration through two relatively independent pathways. We conclude that H₂O₂ potentially generated from Duox/Nox2 promotes heart regeneration in zebrafish by unleashing MAP kinase signaling through a derepression mechanism involving Dusp6.