Identification of salt-stress responsive genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by cDNA array

To identify salt stress-responsive genes, we constructed a cDNA library with the salt-tolerant rice cultivar, Lansheng. About 15000 plasmids were extracted and dotted on filters with Biomeck 2000 HDRT system or by hand. Thirty genes were identified to display altered expression levels responding to 150 mmol/L NaCl. Among them eighteen genes were up-regulated and the remainders down-regulated. Twenty-seven genes have their homologous genes in Gen-Bank Databases. The expression of twelve genes was studied by Northern analysis. Based on the functions, these genes can be classified into five categories, including photosynthesis-related gene, transport-related gene, metabolism-related gene, stress- or resistance-related gene and the others with various functions. The results showed that salt stress influenced many aspects of rice growth. Some of these genes may play important roles in plant salt tolerance.     

不携带霍乱毒素基因的CTXΦ类前噬菌体基因组克隆与分析

霍乱弧菌的霍乱毒素基因ctxAB由其溶原性噬菌体CTXΦ编码,由此携带毒素基因在产毒株与非产毒株间水平转移。从无ctxAB的El Tor型菌株中,发现不同时间、地点来源的部分菌株仍带有CTXΦ基因组的其它基因,在研究菌株染色体上呈双拷贝串联排列。克隆后测序发现基因组全长5708bp,其抑制基因rstR却与古典型菌株来源CTXΦ的相同,因此从E1 Tor菌株中发现整合有古典型来源的这类噬菌体。其它各基因与CTXΦ序列基本一致,但nctCTXΦ的zot基因末端及下游间隔区与CTXΦ的相差很大,进一步的序列测定与比较表明nctCTXΦ中无ctxAB应是其固有结构,而不是ctxAB丢失所形成的。将这种独特的前噬菌体命名为nctCTXclassΦ。研究菌株染色体上nctCTXΦ基因组上下游也各存在TLC因子和RTX毒力基因簇的同源序列,揭示它们与nctCTXΦ基因组有与CTXΦ相同的联系。从序列分析上认为nctCTXΦ与CTXΦ在遗传分化上有不同,可能是CTXΦ的前体形式,这对CTXΦ的来源、分化以及新病原产生的研究具有重要意义。     

Residue dynamics and risk assessment of dimethoate in sweet potato,purple flowering stalk,Chinese kale,celery, and soil

Residue dynamics and risk assessment of the insecticide dimethoate applied to sweet potato, purple flowering stalk, Chinese kale, celery were investigated under the climatic conditions of China. The dissipation experiments indicated that the half-lives of dimethoate in purple flowering stalk, Chinese kale, celery, and soil were 5.9–6.5, 3.8–5.1, 3.5–5.4, 3.4–3.6 d, respectively. The terminal residues of dimethoate and omethoate in the vegetables and soil ranged from 0.008 to 1.73 mg kg^?1 at preharvest intervals of 3, 5, and 7 d. The results showed risk quotient (RQ) of <1 for sweet potato, Chinese kale, and celery, and of >1 for purple flowering stalk when under the age of 18, indicating that spraying dimethoate on sweet potato, Chinese kale, and celery at the recommended dosage is safe for human consumption, whereas spraying it on purple flowering stalk is associated with some risks to human health.     

Identification of salt-stress responsive genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by cDNA array

To identify salt stress-responsive genes, we constructed a cDNA library with the salttolerant rice cultivar, Lansheng. About 15000 plasmids were extracted and dotted on filters with Biomeck 2000 HDRT system or by hand. Thirty genes were identified to display altered expression levels responding to 150 mmol/L NaCl. Among them eighteen genes were up-regulated and the remainders downregulated. Twenty-seven genes have their homologous genes in GenBank Databases. The expression of twelve genes was studied by Northern analysis. Based on the functions, these genes can be classified into five categories, including photosynthesis-related gene, transportrelated gene, metabolismrelated gene, stress-or resistancerelated gene and the others with various functions. The results showed that salt stress influenced many aspects of rice growth. Some of these genes may play important roles in plant salt tolerance.     

Molecular cloning, expression analysis and chromosomal mapping of salt-responsive cDNAs in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)

By using differential display PCR (DD-PCR) technique, two salt-inducible and one salt-repressed cDNA fragments were isolated from rice. The three cDNA fragments were characterized respectively as partial sequence of rice S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) gene, a new member of translation elongation factor 1A gene (namedREF1 A), and a novel gene whose function is unknown (namedSRG1). The full-length cDNA of SAMDC gene (namedSAMDC1) was further isolated by RT-PCR approach and the deduced polypeptide was found to be homologous to SAMDC proteins of other plants, yeast and buman. Northern hybridization revealed that expression of SAMDCl and REFlA was induced, while SRGl was dramatically repressed, by salinity stress. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that SAMDCl and SRGl were present as a single copy gene in rice genome, whereas riceREF1 A gene was organized as a gene family. TheREF1 A,SAMDC1, andSRG1 genes were located on chromosome 3,4, and 6 respectively by RFLP mapping approach using ZYQ8/JX17 DH population and RFLP linkage maps. Project supported by the National “863” High-Technology Program.     

Exosomes derived from uMSCs promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata through accelerating human hair follicular keratinocyte proliferation and migration

Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex genetic disease that results in hair loss due to an autoimmune-mediated attack on the hair follicle. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to induce hair regeneration due to their strong secretion ability and multidirectional differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that the therapeutic potential of MSCs comes from their secretion ability, which can produce large amounts of bioactive substances and regulate the key physiological functions of subjects. The secretion products of MSCs, such as vesicles, exosomes, and conditioned media, have significant advantages in preparing of biological products derived from stem cells. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) are the best choice for exosome production. uMSCs are obtained from the human umbilical cord. The umbilical cord is easy to obtain, and the efficiency of uMSCs isolation and culture higher than that of obtaining MSCs from bone marrow or adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the effects of exosomes released from uMSCs in AA mice. In summary, due to easy isolation and cultivation, simple preparation, and convenient storage, it is possible to obtain uMSCs, or uMSCs exosomes for research and clinical treatment.     

一株弗兰西斯菌的鉴定及其微生物学特性研究

摘要:【目的】对广州市某空调冷却水中分离的一株L-半氨酸刺激生长性细菌08HL01032进行分类学鉴定及微生物学特性研究。【方法】通过培养基生长状况、菌株形态、生理生化特性、PCR鉴定、16r RNA基因序列分析、RNA聚合酶β亚单位（rpoB）基因序列分析、动物实验、药敏实验等多种表型与基因相结合的方法,探讨该菌株的分类进化地位及一些基本的生物学特性。【结果】该菌株一些生理生化特征与军团菌十分相似,为革兰氏阴性杆菌,氧化酶阴性,不还原硝酸盐,不分解尿素,血平板缓慢生长、易忽略,酵母活性炭缓冲（BCYE）琼脂48 h内生长良好,最初错误鉴定为军团菌。但16S rRNA基因（GenBank登陆号：FJ591095）、rpoB 基因（GenBank登陆号：FJ939309）系统发育进化显示,该菌株为弗兰西斯（Francisella）属细菌,与蜃楼弗兰西斯菌（F. philomiragia）最相近,相似度分别为95.3 %,87.3 %,菌落形态、表型特征亦与弗兰西斯菌属的相符合。其最适生长温度在25~28℃之间,42℃不生长;能耐受pH 2.2酸液10 min;万古霉素、青霉素、多粘霉素B等耐药,军团菌甘氨酸-万古霉素-多粘霉素B-放线菌酮（GVPC）选择性添加剂无生长抑制作用;菌体无芽孢、无鞭毛动力,透射电镜下观察到荚膜样结构,但动物实验初步显示对小鼠无致病性。【结论】菌株08HL01032为弗兰西斯菌属一潜在的新种,其典型特征为L-半胱氨酸刺激生长性,不同于军团菌的L-半胱氨酸依赖性生长特性。 关键词: L-半胱氨酸刺激生长性; 弗兰西斯菌; 鉴定; 微生物学特性     

Pleiotropic effects of the twin-arginine translocation system on biofilm formation, colonization, and virulence in Vibrio cholerae

Background  

The Twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system serves to translocate folded proteins, including periplasmic enzymes that bind redox cofactors in bacteria. The Tat system is also a determinant of virulence in some pathogenic bacteria, related to pleiotropic effects including growth, motility, and the secretion of some virulent factors. The contribution of the Tat pathway to Vibrio cholerae has not been explored. Here we investigated the functionality of the Tat system in V. cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera.     

镰刀菌Q7-31T内切葡聚糖酶Egn21的分离纯化及酶学性质

【目的】为进一步研究镰刀菌Q7-31T产生的植物细胞壁降解酶的酶系信息。【方法】以1%(W/V)蛋白胨为氮源,0.5%(W/V)燕麦秸秆为碳源,20°C、120 r/min振荡培养3 d,诱导发酵培养菌株,获得的粗酶液经过Sephacry S-100凝胶柱层析和DEAE琼脂糖弱阴离子交换柱层析,最终得到纯化的内切葡聚糖酶,并对其进行酶学性质分析及串联质谱鉴定。【结果】研究表明:Egn21的分子质量为44.25 kDa,等电点为4.91;酶学特性研究显示:Egn21降解羧甲基纤维素的最适反应温度为40°C,在45°C以下比较稳定。该酶最适pH为6.0,在pH为5.0–8.0条件之间比较稳定。Co~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对其没有明显作用,而Fe~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、K~(+)、Na~(+)和Mn~(2+)对酶活性有抑制作用,Hg~(2+)会使酶失去活性。【结论】从Q7-31T中分离纯化得到的内切葡聚糖酶Egn21,经过酶学特性与串联质谱鉴定结果显示其属于GH5家族。     

广州地区嗜肺军团菌环境分离株的基因序列分型分析

摘要:【目的】研究广州市嗜肺军团菌的基因特征,对来自不同水域环境的嗜肺军团菌进行分子分型研究。【方法】选择嗜肺军团菌的7个基因flaA、asd、mip、pilE、mompS、proA和neuA 作为目的基因, 对在2006-2009年间广州地区分离的44株嗜肺军团菌进行PCR扩增和测序,并将核苷酸序列上传至欧洲军团菌病感染工作组（EWGLI）数据库进行比对,得到基因型别（Sequence type, ST）,对结果进行基因序列分型（Sequence-Based Typing, SBT）和系统进化分析。【结