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41.
Mitochondrial DNA evolution in primates: Transition rate has been extremely low in the lemur 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Masami Hasegawa Hirohisa Kishino Kenji Hayasaka Satoshi Horai 《Journal of molecular evolution》1990,31(2):113-121
Summary Based on mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) sequence data from a wide range of primate species, branching order in the evolution of primates was inferred by the maximum likelihood method of Felsenstein without assuming rate constancy among lineages. Bootstrap probabilities for being the maximum likelihood tree topology among alternatives were estimated without performing a maximum likelihood estimation for each resampled data set. Variation in the evolutionary rate among lineages was examined for the maximum likelihood tree by a method developed by Kishino and Hasegawa. From these analyses it appears that the transition rate of mtDNA evolution in the lemur has been extremely low, only about 1/10 that in other primate lines, whereas the transversion rate does not differ significantly from that of other primates. Furthermore, the transition rate in catarrhines, except the gibbon, is higher than those in the tarsier and in platyrrhines, and the transition rate in the gibbon is lower than those in other catarrhines. Branching dates in primate evolution were estimated by a molecular clock analysis of mtDNA, taking into account the rate of variation among different lines, and the results were compared with those estimated from nuclear DNA. Under the most likely model, where the evolutionary rate of mtDNA has been unifrom within a great apes/human calde, human/chimpanzee clustering is preferred to the alternative branching orders among human, chimpanzee, and gorilla. 相似文献
42.
Kohei Satoh Kohtaroh Shutoh Takahide Kurosawa Eisuke Hayasaka Shingo Kaneko 《Journal of plant research》2018,131(1):91-97
Scirpus hattorianus is a possible alien species in Japan, and a clarification of its unclear taxonomy is required to reveal its origin. It is not known whether the plants initially described from Japan represent the same species distributed in North America. To clarify the origin of the species, we attempted to sequence old specimens collected about 80 years ago using newly designed primer pairs specific for short sequences, including the variable sites. Chloroplast sequences of ndhF were compared among Japanese and North American S. hattorianus, and the closely related species, S. atrovirens, S. flaccidifolius, and S. georgianus. We succeeded in sequencing all samples, and two haplotypes were detected in S. hattorianus: one was unique to the species and the other, detected from specimens potentially collected from the same population as the types, was shared by both North American S. hattorianus and two closely related species, S. atrovirens and S. flaccidifolius. Our results suggest that Japanese S. hattorianus is an alien species that was introduced from North America at least twice. 相似文献
43.
Seiji Hayashi Kenji Hayasaka Osamu Takenaka Satoshi Horai 《Journal of molecular evolution》1995,41(3):359-365
We analyzed the 896 base-pair (bp) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences for seven gibbons, representative of three out of four subgenera. The result from our molecular analysis is consistent with previous studies as to the monophyly of subgenus Hylobates species, yet the relationship among subgenera remains slightly ambiguous. A striking result of the analysis is the phylogenetic location of Kloss's gibbon (H. klossii). Kloss's gibbon has been considered to be an initial off-shoot of the subgenus Hylobates because of its morphological primitiveness. However, our molecular data strongly suggest that Kloss's gibbon speciated most recently within the subgenus Hylobates.
Correspondence to: S. Horai 相似文献
44.
L. Monna A. Miyao H. S. Zhong M. Yano M. Iwamoto Y. Umehara N. Kurata H. Hayasaka T. Sasaki 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(2):170-176
Saturation mapping of a very small genomic region is indispensable for map-based cloning. We applied a method based on sub-cloning
and the Southern-hybridization technique for generating RFLP markers directly from yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). Two
YACs overlapping each other and covering the locus of the rice blast resistance gene, Pi-b, were used to construct a plasmid sub-library. Rice-specific and single-copy clones suitable as probes for RFLP analysis
were selected from this sub-library by hybridization to the blots of digested DNAs of rice, YACs, and yeast. As a result,
22 markers were produced within a small chromosomal region including Pi-b. This case study shows that overlapping YACs known to cover the gene of interest are very useful in fine-scale physical mapping
leading to map-based cloning of the target gene.
Received: 2 May 1996 / Accepted: 2 August 1996 相似文献
45.
S Abe K Hayasaka K Narisawa K Tada G Okada H Koyama S Kurosu M Kudoh K Matsushita 《Enzyme》1987,37(4):182-188
We have studied adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) in the hemolysates from the families of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis associated with partial deficiency of APRT (the Japanese type) and complete deficiency of APRT (the null type). The APRT in the control subjects was found to be heat-stable at the physiological concentration of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP), which was close to the value of its Km for PRPP. The APRT in the Japanese type showed 10 times higher Km values for PRPP and needed a comparably increased level of PRPP for stability in vitro. No change in red cell PRPP was found in the Japanese type of APRT deficiency. The content of APRT enzyme protein was decreased in the hemolysates of the Japanese type, probably due to its lability at the level of PRPP present in the cells. The heterozygote of the null type also had labile enzyme molecules at the physiological PRPP concentration. 相似文献
46.
The stem cells of a primordial germ cell-derived teratocarcinoma have the ability to form viable mouse chimeras 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kazunori Hanaoka Michiko Hayasaka Takehiko Noguchi Yoshihiro Kato 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1991,48(2):83-87
A euploid testicular teratocarcinoma line, STT-3, has been established from a tumor spontaneously occurring in the testis of a 129/Sv-ter male. Developmental ability of the STT-3 stem cells was tested by injecting these cells into mouse blastocysts. The frequency and the extent of chimerism were examined in mid-gestational fetuses and in live-born mice. STT-3 stem cells form viable chimeras at a high rate and differentiate into normal tissues. This is the first reported testicular teratocarcinoma-derived stem line with a proven capacity to form viable chimeric mice upon injection into the blastocysts. 相似文献
47.
48.
Diseased American eels, Anguilla rostrata , were collected from an eel culture facility in South Carolina and examined. The disease was characterized by skin lesions located on the body. A bacterium identified as Aeromonas salmonicida was isolated from the lesions and shown to be the causative agent. The bacterium was also isolated from the kidney during later stages of the disease. 相似文献
49.
Tomohiko Urano Takahiko Usui Shizu Takeda Atsushi Okada Yoshiko Ishida Jun Otomo Satoshi Inoue 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2009,383(2):263-251
Terf/TRIM17 is a member of the TRIM family of proteins, which is characterized by the RING finger, B-box, and coiled-coil domains. In the present study, we found that terf interacts with TRIM44. Terf underwent ubiquitination in vitro in the presence of the E2 enzyme UbcH6; this suggests that terf exhibits E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. It was also found that terf was conjugated with polyubiquitin chains and stabilized by the proteasome inhibitor in mammalian cells; this suggested that terf rendered itself susceptible to proteasomal degradation through polyubiquitination. We also found that TRIM44 inhibited ubiquitination of terf, and thus stabilized the protein. The N-terminal region of TRIM44 contains a zinc-finger domain found in ubiquitin hydrolases (ZF UBP) and ubiquitin specific proteases (USPs). Thus, we proposed that TRIM44 may function as a new class of the “USP-like-TRIM” which regulates the activity of associated TRIM proteins. 相似文献
50.
Yuri Shibasaki Michiko Hayasaka Makoto Kakitani Kazuma Tomizuka 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2009,381(4):482-486
NaPi-IIb encodes a Na+-dependent Pi co-transporter, which is expressed in various adult tissues and mediates transport of extracellular Pi ions coupling with Na+ ion. To define the role of NaPi-IIbin vivo, NaPi-IIb gene deficient mice were generated utilizing targeted mutagenesis, yielding viable, heterozygous NaPi-IIb mice. In contrast, homozygous NaPi-IIb mice died in utero soon after implantation, indicating that NaPi-IIb was essential for early embryonic development. In situ hybridization revealed NaPi-IIb mRNA expression in the parietal endoderm, followed by the visceral endoderm, at a time point prior to establishment of a functioning chorio-allantoic placenta. At the time point of functional placenta development, the main site of NaPi-IIb production resided in the labyrinthine zone, where embryonic and maternal circulations were in closest contact. Expression patterns of NaPi-IIb suggest that NaPi-IIb plays an important role in Pi absorption from maternal circulation. 相似文献