全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8912篇 |
免费 | 701篇 |
国内免费 | 845篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 31篇 |
2023年 | 153篇 |
2022年 | 338篇 |
2021年 | 596篇 |
2020年 | 389篇 |
2019年 | 434篇 |
2018年 | 444篇 |
2017年 | 330篇 |
2016年 | 416篇 |
2015年 | 589篇 |
2014年 | 670篇 |
2013年 | 693篇 |
2012年 | 851篇 |
2011年 | 744篇 |
2010年 | 467篇 |
2009年 | 396篇 |
2008年 | 430篇 |
2007年 | 374篇 |
2006年 | 324篇 |
2005年 | 267篇 |
2004年 | 219篇 |
2003年 | 185篇 |
2002年 | 156篇 |
2001年 | 106篇 |
2000年 | 115篇 |
1999年 | 113篇 |
1998年 | 87篇 |
1997年 | 85篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 59篇 |
1994年 | 73篇 |
1993年 | 36篇 |
1992年 | 39篇 |
1991年 | 35篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1950年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 640 毫秒
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
Xing Pan Xiao-Jun Li Xi-Juan Liu Hui Yuan Jia-Fu Li Ying-Liang Duan Han-Qing Ye Ya-Ru Fu Guan-Hua Qiao Cong-Cong Wu Bo Yang Xiao-Hui Tian Kang-Hong Hu Ling-Feng Miao Xiao-Ling Chen Jun Zheng Simon Rayner Philip H. Schwartz William J. Britt Jiang Xu Min-Hua Luo 《Journal of virology》2013,87(20):10968-10979
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is the most frequent infectious cause of birth defects, primarily neurological disorders. Neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs) are the major cell type in the subventricular zone and are susceptible to HCMV infection. In culture, the differentiation status of NPCs may change with passage, which in turn may alter susceptibility to virus infection. Previously, only early-passage (i.e., prior to passage 9) NPCs were studied and shown to be permissive to HCMV infection. In this study, NPC cultures derived at different gestational ages were evaluated after short (passages 3 to 6) and extended (passages 11 to 20) in vitro passages for biological and virological parameters (i.e., cell morphology, expression of NPC markers and HCMV receptors, viral entry efficiency, viral gene expression, virus-induced cytopathic effect, and release of infectious progeny). These parameters were not significantly influenced by the gestational age of the source tissues. However, extended-passage cultures showed evidence of initiation of differentiation, increased viral entry, and more efficient production of infectious progeny. These results confirm that NPCs are fully permissive for HCMV infection and that extended-passage NPCs initiate differentiation and are more permissive for HCMV infection. Later-passage NPCs being differentiated and more permissive for HCMV infection suggest that HCMV infection in fetal brain may cause more neural cell loss and give rise to severe neurological disabilities with advancing brain development. 相似文献
246.
Microsatellite genetic variation in the Chinese endemic Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommiaceae): implications for conservation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jinju Zhang Chong Xing Hua Tian Xiaohong Yao 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2013,173(4):775-785
Eucommia ulmoides, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, is endangered as a consequence of long‐term and widespread harvest in the late 20th century. It has been widely cultivated as a source of herbal medicine and for use in the organic chemical industry in China. In this study, eight microsatellite markers were applied to investigate genetic diversity in E. ulmoides. Three hundred individuals from one semi‐wild population and nine cultivated populations across its main production area were collected. A high level of genetic diversity at population levels (HE = 0.716) was observed. The highly outcrossed mating system, high longevity of E. ulmoides and seed admixture may be responsible for high genetic variation within populations. A genetic bottleneck was observed in one population. Populations were only slightly differentiated from one another (FST = 0.063); this was also supported by AMOVA, which revealed that 94.05% of the total variation resided within populations. This is probably attributable to long‐distance gene flow mediated by the exchange of seeds by local farmers. Implications of these results for the conservation of genetic resources of E. ulmoides are discussed. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 173 , 775–785. 相似文献
247.
Yu Tian Yan-feng Zhu Zhen Wu Jian-nan Feng Yan Li Bei-fen Shen Jian Sun 《Biotechnology letters》2013,35(4):523-528
B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) antagonists are new therapeutic reagents for treating the autoimmune diseases. Peptibodies can inhibit the bioactivity of BLyS, the same as other BLyS antagonists: decoyed BLyS receptors and anti-BLyS antibodies. In this study, a new optimized BLyS antagonist peptide was designed according to our previous work by the computer-aided homology modeling. Competitive ELISA showed that the peptide at 100 μg/ml could inhibit 54 % of the BCMA-Fc binding to BLyS. To maintain its stability and spatial conformation, the peptide was fused to human IgG1 Fc to form a peptide-Fc fusion protein—a novel peptibody by gene engineering. ELISA indicated that the peptibody could bind with BLyS in dosage-dependent manner as BCMA-Fc did. This study highlights the possibility of designing and optimizing BLyS antagonist peptides with high biopotency by the computer-aided design. Thus, these peptides could neutralize BLyS activity and be potential antagonists to treat autoimmune diseases related with BLyS overexpression. 相似文献
248.
Yuanjing Li Zhilei Liu Hongyan Hou Hong Lei Xiancan Zhu Xuhui Li Xingyuan He Chunjie Tian 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2013,35(12):3465-3475
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance the resistance to pathogen infection in host plant. However, it is unclear how the AMF are involved in the systemic acquired resistance of host plant against pathogen. Here, an experiment was carried out to clarify the role of the AMF in soybean’s defense against the infection from pathogen Phytophthora sojae. It was found that the AMF contributed to the resistance of soybean against Phytophthora sojae by the release of hydrogen peroxide and by the accumulation of jasmonic acid in response to pathogenic invasion. Furthermore, the trade of nitrogen (N) from the fungus for carbon from the host was accelerated in the AM symbiosis in the defense reaction, which was indicated by the increased soluble sugar level, NO content and enzyme activities involved in N metabolism in the AM symbiosis. 相似文献
249.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculation on plant growth and drought tolerance in seedlings of a promising oilseed crop, Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), under well-watered or drought conditions. AMF inoculation was applied in four treatments: without AMF inoculation, Glomus versiforme, Paraglomus occultum, or combination of both microorganism inoculations. The results showed that AMF colonization significantly enhanced the growth of Sacha Inchi seedlings regardless of soil water conditions, and the greatest development was reached in plants dually inoculated under well-watered conditions. G. versiforme was more efficient than P. occultum. Plants inoculated with both symbionts had significantly greater specific leaf area, leaf area ratio and root volume when compared with the uninoculated control, G. versiforme, and P. occultum treatments alone, indicating a synergistic effect in the two AMF inoculation. Photosynthetic rate and water-use efficiency were stimulated by AMF, but not stomatal conductance. Inoculation with AM fungus increased antioxidant enzymes activities including guaiacol peroxidase and catalase, thus lowering hydrogen peroxide accumulation and oxidative damage, especially under drought stress conditions. However, proline content showed little change during drought stress and AMF colonization conditions, which suggested that proline accumulation might not serve as the main compound for osmotic adjustment of the studied species. These results indicate that AMF inoculation stimulated growth and enhanced drought tolerance of Sacha Inchi seedlings, through alterations in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. This microbial symbiosis might be an effective cultivation practice in improving the performance and development for Sacha Inchi plants. 相似文献
250.
A putative endo-1,4-β-d-xylanohydrolase gene xyl10 from Aspergillus niger, encoding a 308-residue mature xylanase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 10, was constitutively expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant Xyl10 exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.0 and 60 °C with more than 50 % of the maximum activity from 40 to 70 °C. It retained more than 90 % of the original activity after incubation at 60 °C (pH 5.0) for 30 min and more than 74 % after incubation at pH 3.0–13.0 for 2 h (25 °C). The specific activity, K m and V max values for purified Xyl10 were, respectively, 3.2 × 103 U mg?1, 3.6 mg ml?1 and 5.4 × 103 μmol min?1 mg?1 towards beechwood xylan. The enzyme degraded xylan to a series of xylooligosaccharides and xylose. The recombinant enzyme with these properties has the potential for various industrial applications. 相似文献