The plant glycosyltransferase clone collection for functional genomics

The glycosyltransferases (GTs) are an important and functionally diverse family of enzymes involved in glycan and glycoside biosynthesis. Plants have evolved large families of GTs which undertake the array of glycosylation reactions that occur during plant development and growth. Based on the Carbohydrate‐Active enZymes (CAZy) database, the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana codes for over 450 GTs, while the rice genome (Oryza sativa) contains over 600 members. Collectively, GTs from these reference plants can be classified into over 40 distinct GT families. Although these enzymes are involved in many important plant specific processes such as cell‐wall and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, few have been functionally characterized. We have sought to develop a plant GTs clone resource that will enable functional genomic approaches to be undertaken by the plant research community. In total, 403 (88%) of CAZy defined Arabidopsis GTs have been cloned, while 96 (15%) of the GTs coded by rice have been cloned. The collection resulted in the update of a number of Arabidopsis GT gene models. The clones represent full‐length coding sequences without termination codons and are Gateway^® compatible. To demonstrate the utility of this JBEI GT Collection, a set of efficient particle bombardment plasmids (pBullet) was also constructed with markers for the endomembrane. The utility of the pBullet collection was demonstrated by localizing all members of the Arabidopsis GT14 family to the Golgi apparatus or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Updates to these resources are available at the JBEI GT Collection website http://www.addgene.org/ .     

碳氮比和光强对小球藻合成虾青素的影响

本文研究了碳氮比和光强对小球藻Chlorella zofingiensis合成虾青素的影响。结果表明,随着碳氮比的增加,虾青素含量提高,但是过高的碳氮比限制藻细胞的生长,当碳氮比为133时,虾青素的产量最大,达到9.19mg／L。高光诱导在高碳氮比基础上进一步提高虾青素的含量及产量。200μmol／m^2.S光强在没有严重影响小球藻生长的同时,明显提高虾青素含量,最大虾青素产量达到12.52mg／L。文章对不同诱导条件下虾青素的合成机理以及利用异养自养相结合的方法提高虾青素产量的可能性进行了讨论。     

黄翅大白蚁后肠几丁质降解微生物的分离与鉴定

【目的】从培菌白蚁——黄翅大白蚁后肠微生物菌群中分离能降解几丁质的细菌。【方法】以胶体几丁质为唯一碳源,根据胶体几丁质水解透明圈的大小进行筛选。通过形态学、生理生化以及16SrRNA基因序列分析进行菌株鉴定。【结果】从黄翅大白蚁肠道中筛选到8株能够降解胶体几丁质的细菌,它们分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus)、纤维单胞菌属(Cellulomonas)、指孢囊菌属(Dactylosporangium)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)。8株菌均具有几丁质酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和内切葡聚糖酶活性。【结论】从黄翅大白蚁后肠中获得8株能够降解胶体几丁质并具有其他碳水化合物降解酶活性的细菌,这一研究为了解白蚁肠道微生物协助白蚁消化食物机制提供了依据。     

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies of Shrimp White Spot Syndrome Virus Envelope Protein VP28

BALB/c mice were immunized with purified White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Six monoclonal antibody cell lines were selected by ELISA with VP28 protein expressed in E. coli. in vitro neutralization experiments showed that 4 of them could inhibit the virus infection in crayfish. Western-blot suggested that all these monoclonal antibodies were against the conformational structure of VP28. The monoclonal antibody 7B4 was labeled with colloidal gold particles and used to locate the VP28 on virus envelope by immunogold labeling. These monoclonal antibodies could be used to develop immun-ological diagnosis methods for WSSV infection.     

MiR-204 regulates cardiomyocyte autophagy induced by ischemia-reperfusion through LC3-II

Background  

Autophagy plays a significant role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. So it is important to inhibit autophagy to protect cardiomyocytes besides anti-apoptosis. MiRNA has been demonstrated to protect cardiomyocytes against apoptosis during IR, while whether it has anti-autophagy effect has not been known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miR-204 regulated autophagy by regulating LC3-II protein, which is the marker of autophagosome during myocardial IR injury.     

大鼠多囊卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡时MDA含量及SOD活性的变化

目的和方法以大鼠多囊卵巢（PCO）为动物模型,观察了PCO大鼠卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡的发生率,并检测了颗粒细胞凋亡时丙二醛（MDA）的含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。结果①PCO颗粒细胞凋亡发生率明显高于正常（P<0．001）;②PCO颗粒细胞发生凋亡时,细胞内MDA含量增加而SOD活性降低。结论大鼠PCO颗粒细胞的凋亡可能与细胞内MDA含量增加和SOD活性降低有关。     

微丝在卵母细胞成熟过程中的作用及调控

微丝作为细胞骨架的组成部分, 在卵母细胞成熟过程中的作用及调控近年来日益受到关注.微丝介导了卵母细胞中细胞器迁移、分散染色质收集、皮质重组、极性建立、第一极体排出等过程.现对微丝在卵母细胞的发育和成熟中作用机制的研究进展进行综述.     

线粒体呼吸功能与精子活力、核DNA损伤的相关性分析

为探讨线粒体呼吸功能与精子活力、核DNA损伤程度之间的相关性,按WHO标准收集34例不同活力的精液标本,采用蔗糖差速离心法或密度梯度离心法提取精子线粒体,通过铂氧电极-溶氧仪测定线粒体呼吸耗氧率并计算状态III呼吸、状态IV呼吸、呼吸控制率（RCR）、磷氧比（P／0）及氧化磷酸化效率（0PR）;应用精子染色质扩散（sperm chromatin dispersion,SCD）实验检测精子DNA损伤情况。结果表明：不同活力精子线粒体状态Ⅲ呼吸耗氧量之间具有显著差异俨〈0．01）;弱精子症组RcR和OPR与正常对照组比较,分别降低了17．03％（P〈0．05）和40．74％（P〈0。01）;精子DNA损伤程度与精子活力、状态III呼吸及OPR均呈极显著负相关（r值分别是-0．812、-0．788和-0．696）。以上结果提示：精子线粒体呼吸耗氧和氧化磷酸化功能与精子活力之间存在着密切的联系;精子DNA（包括mtDNA）损伤可能影响精子的正常功能。     

土壤优先水流及溶质优先迁移的研究

通过土壤原状土柱和填充土柱实验,研究了土壤优先水流的特征和非吸附性离子Br^-和NO3^-在土壤中的优先迁移。结果表明,土壤优先水流存在优先穿透、穿透曲线不对称性、偶向入渗和拖尾等特征,原状土柱中Br^-标记的优先水流在实验开始后24h出现穿透,穿透时的孔隙体积仅0.04,在原状土柱中以Br^-标记的土壤优先水流占土壤出流总量的26％,所引起的Br^-累积淋出量占总淋出量的86.7％,说明土壤优先水流虽只占出流总量较小的比例,却可造成较大比例的溶质迁移,优先水流可使NO3^－快速向下迁移,在仅1倍孔隙体积时,其出流中可收获投加量的11％,优先水流可使Br^-和NO3^-向土壤较深层次迁移的同时,发生径向扩散。