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31.
Lignin is a major structural polymer of secondarily thickended plant vascular tissue and fibres, imparting mechanical strength to stems and trunks and hydrophobicity to conducting vessels. Constitutive expression of a lucerne caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase antisense RNA in transgenic tobacco leads to a significant reduction in lignin content, particularly in the younger parts of the stems, without apparent alterations in lignin monomer composition. These observations open up the possibility of genetically manipulating plants with reduced lignin for improved processing and biomass digestibility. 相似文献
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【目的】探讨寡营养对人体肠道细菌培养组的条件。【方法】通过稀释富集培养基、固体平板和增菌肉汤培养基成分获得寡营养培养基。对健康人粪便样本分别用原液(0)、5、10、20、30和40倍稀释的富集培养基(添加羊血和瘤胃液的血培养瓶)连续增菌,在不同时间点(第0、3、6、9、15、27、30天)吸取增菌液,用YCFA (yeast casitone fatty acid)固体培养平板分离菌落;用YCFA增菌肉汤增菌后再次挑取单菌落,利用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间(matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF)质谱和16S rRNA基因测序鉴定菌株。通过比较上述6种寡营养条件分离肠道菌群的效果,选取富集培养基原液、稀释10倍和30倍这3 种条件下分离效果较好的富集条件,与同样稀释倍数条件的固体平板和增菌肉汤分别组合成9种培养基条件,进一步优化肠道菌群的培养组条件。【结果】在6种寡营养富集培养基中,未稀释(原液)、10 倍和30倍稀释的富集培养基分离细菌的种类比其他... 相似文献
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Lulu Qiao Jonatan Niño-Sánchez Rachael Hamby Luca Capriotti Angela Chen Bruno Mezzetti Hailing Jin 《Plant biotechnology journal》2023,21(4):854-865
Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) is an innovative and eco-friendly technology where topical application of pathogen gene-targeting RNAs to plant material can enable disease control. SIGS applications remain limited because of the instability of RNA, which can be rapidly degraded when exposed to various environmental conditions. Inspired by the natural mechanism of cross-kingdom RNAi through extracellular vesicle trafficking, we describe herein the use of artificial nanovesicles (AVs) for RNA encapsulation and control against the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. AVs were synthesized using three different cationic lipid formulations, DOTAP + PEG, DOTAP and DODMA, and examined for their ability to protect and deliver double stranded RNA (dsRNA). All three formulations enabled dsRNA delivery and uptake by B. cinerea. Further, encapsulating dsRNA in AVs provided strong protection from nuclease degradation and from removal by leaf washing. This improved stability led to prolonged RNAi-mediated protection against B. cinerea both on pre- and post-harvest plant material using AVs. Specifically, the AVs extended the protection duration conferred by dsRNA to 10 days on tomato and grape fruits and to 21 days on grape leaves. The results of this work demonstrate how AVs can be used as a new nanocarrier to overcome RNA instability in SIGS for crop protection. 相似文献
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Protoplasma - Aerenchyma formation plays an important role in the survival of Potamogeton perfoliatus in submerged environment. To understand the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)... 相似文献
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池塘饲养鱼类优化结构及其增产原理:Ⅰ.池塘越冬鱼种的生物学特性 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
1986—1989年的鱼种池塘越冬对比饲养与室内验证试验结果表明:长江以南草鱼种在冬季大部分时间仍能开口摄食。若不是密集越冬,并在晴天加强培育,越冬期间鱼种的平均生长率可达10—14%,鱼体丰满系数、血液中红细胞数、血红蛋白、血浆总蛋白含量,肌肉、肝脏中大部分营养成分较越冬前均无明显变化(p>0.05);补充投饵的半密集越冬组,鱼种体重、丰满系数能维持在越冬前水平(p>0.05),但血液、肌肉、肝脏中部分营养指标仍明显下降(p≤0.05);而饥饿条件下密集越冬组,鱼种消瘦9—14%,腹内肠系膜脂肪消耗殆尽,丰满系数、肝脏、肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪含量均明显下降(p≤0.05),且出现贫血状态。试验证明了越冬鱼种放养密度及饲养管理的不同,将影响鱼种质量的优劣和次年的成鱼养殖产量。为我国长江中下游大部,淮河、黄河中下游部分地区改革鱼种越冬制度,采取稀放精养的必要性和提高越冬鱼种质量与产量的可行性提供了理论根据。 相似文献
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Xuebing Xu Tong Wu Renjie Lin Shengze Zhu Jie Ji Dandan Jin Mengxiang Huang Wenjie Zheng Wenkai Ni Feng Jiang Shihai Xuan Mingbing Xiao 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2023,27(23):3672-3680
The migrasome is a new organelle discovered by Professor Yu Li in 2015. When cells migrate, the membranous organelles that appear at the end of the retraction fibres are migrasomes. With the migration of cells, the retraction fibres which connect migrasomes and cells finally break. The migrasomes detach from the cell and are released into the extracellular space or directly absorbed by the recipient cell. The cytoplasmic contents are first transported to the migrasome and then released from the cell through the migrasome. This release mechanism, which depends on cell migration, is named ‘migracytosis’. The main components of the migrasome are extracellular vesicles after they leave the cell, which are easy to remind people of the current hot topic of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles wrapped by the lipid bimolecular layer. With extensive research, exosomes have solved many disease problems. This review summarizes the differences between migrasomes and exosomes in size, composition, property and function, extraction method and regulation mechanism for generation and release. At the same time, it also prospects for the current hotspot of migrasomes, hoping to provide literature support for further research on the generation and release mechanism of migrasomes and their clinical application in the future. 相似文献
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Genetically and phenotypically identical immune cell populations can be highly heterogenous in terms of their immune functions and protein secretion profiles. The microfluidic chip-based single-cell highly multiplexed secretome proteomics enables characterization of cellular heterogeneity of immune responses at different cellular and molecular layers. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that polyfunctional T cells that simultaneously produce 2+ proteins per cell at the single-cell level are key effector cells that contribute to the development of potent and durable cellular immunity against pathogens and cancers. The functional proteomic technology offers a wide spectrum of cellular function assessment and can uniquely define highly polyfunctional cell subsets with cytokine signatures from live individual cells. This high-dimensional single-cell analysis provides deep dissection into functional heterogeneity and helps identify predictive biomarkers and potential correlates that are crucial for immunotherapeutic product design optimization and personalized immunotherapy development to achieve better clinical outcomes. 相似文献
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