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261.
Sarah J. Burthe Stefanie M. Schfer Festus A. Asaaga Natrajan Balakrishnan Mohammed Mudasssar Chanda Narayanaswamy Darshan Subhash L. Hoti Shivani K. Kiran Tanya Seshadri Prashanth N. Srinivas Abi T. Vanak Bethan V. Purse 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(4)
Zoonoses disproportionately affect tropical communities and are associated with human modification and use of ecosystems. Effective management is hampered by poor ecological understanding of disease transmission and often focuses on human vaccination or treatment. Better ecological understanding of multi-vector and multi-host transmission, social and environmental factors altering human exposure, might enable a broader suite of management options. Options may include “ecological interventions” that target vectors or hosts and require good knowledge of underlying transmission processes, which may be more effective, economical, and long lasting than conventional approaches. New frameworks identify the hierarchical series of barriers that a pathogen needs to overcome before human spillover occurs and demonstrate how ecological interventions may strengthen these barriers and complement human-focused disease control. We extend these frameworks for vector-borne zoonoses, focusing on Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV), a tick-borne, neglected zoonosis affecting poor forest communities in India, involving complex communities of tick and host species. We identify the hierarchical barriers to pathogen transmission targeted by existing management. We show that existing interventions mainly focus on human barriers (via personal protection and vaccination) or at barriers relating to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) vectors (tick control on cattle and at the sites of host (monkey) deaths). We review the validity of existing management guidance for KFD through literature review and interviews with disease managers. Efficacy of interventions was difficult to quantify due to poor empirical understanding of KFDV–vector–host ecology, particularly the role of cattle and monkeys in the disease transmission cycle. Cattle are hypothesised to amplify tick populations. Monkeys may act as sentinels of human infection or are hypothesised to act as amplifying hosts for KFDV, but the spatial scale of risk arising from ticks infected via monkeys versus small mammal reservoirs is unclear. We identified 19 urgent research priorities for refinement of current management strategies or development of ecological interventions targeting vectors and host barriers to prevent disease spillover in the future. 相似文献
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Gajendra B. Singh Akanksha Srivastava Ashmita Saigal Sakshi Aggarwal Shivani Bisht Sanjay Gupta 《Bioremediation Journal》2011,15(4):189-195
This study reports the isolation of bacterial cultures, capable of selective removal of nitrogen and sulfur from carbazole and dibenzothiophene, respectively. The isolates utilizing carbazole were found to be suitable for biorefining. These were designated as P10 and P11, and were identified as Pseudomonas sp. Growing cells of P10 and P11 could utilize 77% carbazole in 250 and 120 h, respectively. Isolates showing utilization of dibenzothiophene were not suitable for biorefining industry. Results suggest these Pseudomonas isolates may be useful in petroleum biorefining for the selective removal of organically bound nitrogen from petroleum. 相似文献
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Garg Shivani Clomburg James M. Gonzalez Ramon 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2018,45(6):379-391
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology - Convergence of market drivers such as abundant availability of inexpensive natural gas and increasing awareness of its global warming... 相似文献
266.
Sital Shivani Baliyan Anjli Sharma Enakshi Khular Gupta Mridula 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2022,17(2):665-673
Plasmonics - In an optical fiber based SPR sensor, a segment of metal clad silica fiber is used as the sensing element and resonant coupling occurs to the surface plasmon mode excited at the... 相似文献
267.
Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) has adversely affected the generations of developing countries. It is a syndrome that in severity causes death. PEM generally affects infants of 1–5 age group. This manifestation is maintained till adulthood in the form of poor brain and body development. The developing nations are continuously making an effort to curb PEM. However, it is still a prime concern as it was in its early years of occurrence. Transgenic crops with high protein and enhanced nutrient content have been successfully developed. Present article reviews the studies documenting genetic engineering-mediated improvement in the pulses, cereals, legumes, fruits and other crop plants in terms of nutritional value, stress tolerance, longevity and productivity. Such genetically engineered crops can be used as a possible remedial tool to eradicate PEM. 相似文献
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Sharma Suraj kumar Srivastava Shivani Kumar Ajay Srivastava Vivek 《International journal of peptide research and therapeutics》2021,27(3):1899-1911
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - With time, the Nipah virus has been proved as a fatal and dangerous pathogen for humanity. Nipah virus has its origin from bats and... 相似文献