全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7672篇 |
免费 | 664篇 |
国内免费 | 890篇 |
专业分类
9226篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 41篇 |
2023年 | 163篇 |
2022年 | 351篇 |
2021年 | 546篇 |
2020年 | 394篇 |
2019年 | 460篇 |
2018年 | 407篇 |
2017年 | 326篇 |
2016年 | 381篇 |
2015年 | 554篇 |
2014年 | 653篇 |
2013年 | 617篇 |
2012年 | 778篇 |
2011年 | 632篇 |
2010年 | 417篇 |
2009年 | 330篇 |
2008年 | 326篇 |
2007年 | 300篇 |
2006年 | 233篇 |
2005年 | 209篇 |
2004年 | 145篇 |
2003年 | 112篇 |
2002年 | 134篇 |
2001年 | 104篇 |
2000年 | 72篇 |
1999年 | 77篇 |
1998年 | 66篇 |
1997年 | 48篇 |
1996年 | 43篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 47篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 20篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1953年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有9226条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Haiqiang Lu Huiying Luo Pengjun Shi Huoqing Huang Kun Meng Peilong Yang Bin Yao 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(5):2155-2163
The gene man5XZ3 from Aspergillus nidulans XZ3 encodes a multimodular β-mannanase of glycoside hydrolase family 5 that consists of a family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM1), a Thr/Ser-rich linker region, and a catalytic domain. Recombinant Man5XZ3 and its two truncated derivatives, Man5ΔCBM (removing the CBM1) and Man5ΔCL (removing both the CBM1 and linker region), were produced in Pichia pastoris and showed significant variance in the secondary structure. The three enzymes had similar biochemical properties, such as optimal pH and temperature (pH 5.0 and 80 °C) and excellent pH stability at pH 4.0–10.0. Removal of the CBM1 alone could improve the thermostability of Man5XZ3, but further removal of the linker region resulted in worse thermostability. Man5XZ3 retained greater enzyme activity in the presence of an organic solvent (acetone), two detergents (SDS and Triton X-100), and a chaotropic agent (urea) compared with Man5ΔCBM and Man5ΔCL. This study provides an excellent β-mannanase candidate favorable for various industries and primarily demonstrates the relationship between enzyme structure and function. 相似文献
62.
Ru Wang Ping Zheng Ya-Juan Xing Meng Zhang Abbas Ghulam Zhi-qing Zhao Wei Li Lan Wang 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2014,41(5):803-809
Heterotrophic denitrifying enriched culture (DEC) from a lab-scale high-rate denitrifying reactor was discovered to perform nitrate-dependent anaerobic ferrous oxidation (NAFO). The DEC was systematically investigated to reveal their denitrification activity, their NAFO activity, and the predominant microbial population. The DEC was capable of heterotrophic denitrification with methanol as the electron donor, and autotrophic denitrification with ferrous salt as the electron donor named NAFO. The conversion ratios of ferrous-Fe and nitrate-N were 87.41 and 98.74 %, and the consumption Fe/N ratio was 2.3:1 (mol/mol). The maximum reaction velocity and half saturation constant of Fe were 412.54 mg/(l h) and 8,276.44 mg/l, and the counterparts of N were 20.87 mg/(l h) and 322.58 mg/l, respectively. The predominant bacteria were Hyphomicrobium, Thauera, and Flavobacterium, and the predominant archaea were Methanomethylovorans, Methanohalophilus, and Methanolobus. The discovery of NAFO by heterotrophic DEC is significant for the development of wastewater treatment and the biogeochemical iron cycle and nitrogen cycle. 相似文献
63.
64.
基因芯片自问世以来,以其操作简单、信息量大、快速便捷等优点迅速受到人们的关注。经过半个世纪的研究发展,基因芯片技术现已广泛运用于科学研究、生活生产的各个领域。现重点介绍基因芯片在临床诊断方面的应用。 相似文献
65.
66.
乳链球菌SB900胞壁肽聚糖的部分生物学活性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对乳链球菌(Streptococcuslactis)SB900胞壁肽聚糖(简称为LABPG)进行了分离纯化及化学成分分析,并测定了其部分生物学活性.结果表明,LABPG蛋白质含量为9.84%,NAG0.871μmol/mg,NAM1.14μmol/mg;氨基酸分析结果表明,Ala、Glu、Asp含量较高,分别为1.046、0.775、0.304μmol/mg。以小鼠为实验材料进行动物学实验,对LABPG的生物学活性测定结果表明,LANPG无毒、安全可靠;腹腔注射LABPG后,PMΦ数目增多,吞噬功能明显增强,血清溶菌酶活性增强;YC-花环实验表明,腹腔注射LABPG的小鼠PMΦ表面C3b受体活性增强,YC-花环形成率较高,统计学分析有显著差别。说明LABPG对于MΦ有一定的激活作用,可作为机体的免疫激活剂。 相似文献
67.
Both global change and biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide. However, their interactions and related mechanisms are still not well elucidated. To elucidate potential traits contributing to invasiveness and whether ongoing increase in CO2 aggravates invasions, noxious invasive Wedelia trilobata and native Wedelia urticifolia and Wedelia chinensis were compared under ambient and doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations in terms of growth, biomass allocation, morphology, and physiology. The invader had consistently higher leaf mass fraction (LMF) and specific leaf area than the natives, contributing to a higher leaf area ratio, and therefore to faster growth and invasiveness. The higher LMF of the invader was due to lower root mass fraction and higher fine root percent. On the other hand, the invader allocated a higher fraction of leaf nitrogen (N) to photosynthetic apparatus, which was associated with its higher photosynthetic rate, and resource use efficiency. All these traits collectively contributed to its invasiveness. CO2 enrichment increased growth of all studied species by increasing actual photosynthesis, although it decreased photosynthetic capacities due to decreased leaf and photosynthetic N contents. Responses of the invasive and native plants to elevated CO2 were not significantly different, indicating that the ongoing increase in CO2 may not aggravate biological invasions, inconsistent with the prevailing results in references. Therefore, more comparative studies of related invasive and native plants are needed to elucidate whether CO2 enrichment facilitates invasions. 相似文献
68.
69.
Hang Yang Huijun Yuan Xiaohui Zhao Meng Xun Shangrui Guo Nan Wang Bing Liu Hongliang Wang 《中国病毒学》2022,37(3):380-389
The recent COVID-19 pandemic poses a global health emergency. Cellular entry of the causative agent SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by its spike protein interacting with cellular receptor-human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, by using lentivirus based pseudotypes bearing spike protein, we demonstrated that entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells was dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and phosphoinositides played essential roles during this process. In addition, we showed that the intracellular domain and the catalytic activity of ACE2 were not required for efficient virus entry. Finally, we showed that the current predominant Delta variant, although with high infectivity and high syncytium formation, also entered cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These results provide new insights into SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry and present proof of principle that targeting viral entry could be an effective way to treat different variant infections. 相似文献
70.
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is involved in various processes, including stress responses, development, and differentiation. However, little information on p38 MAPK in insects is available. In this study, a p38 MAPK gene, Accp38b, was isolated from Apis cerana cerana and characterized. The quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) analysis revealed that Accp38b was induced by multiple stressors. Notably, the expression of Accp38b was relatively higher in the pupae phase than in other developmental phases. During the pupae phase, Accp38b expression was higher in the thorax than in the head and abdomen and higher in the fat body than in the muscle and midgut. Immunohistochemisty showed significant positive staining of Accp38b in sections from the brain, eyes, fat body, and midgut of A. cerana cerana. These results suggest that Accp38b may play a crucial role in stress responses and have multiple aspects function during development. 相似文献