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排序方式: 共有207条查询结果,搜索用时 249 毫秒
1.
Shira Weingarten-Gabbay Susan Klaeger Siranush Sarkizova Leah R. Pearlman Da-Yuan Chen Kathleen M.E. Gallagher Matthew R. Bauer Hannah B. Taylor W. Augustine Dunn Christina Tarr John Sidney Suzanna Rachimi Hasahn L. Conway Katelin Katsis Yuntong Wang Del Leistritz-Edwards Melissa R. Durkin Christopher H. Tomkins-Tinch Pardis C. Sabeti 《Cell》2021,184(15):3962-3980.e17
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2.
A two-domain mechanism for group A streptococcal adherence through protein F to the extracellular matrix. 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17
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V Ozeri A Tovi I Burstein S Natanson-Yaron M G Caparon K M Yamada S K Akiyama I Vlodavsky E Hanski 《The EMBO journal》1996,15(5):989-998
Streptococcus pyogenes binds to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and a variety of host cells and tissues, causing diverse human diseases. Protein F, a S.pyogenes adhesin that binds fibronectin (Fn), contains two binding domains. A repeated domain (RD2) and an additional domain (UR), located immediately N-terminal to RD2. Both domains are required for maximal Fn binding. In this study, we characterize RD2 and UR precisely and compare their functions and binding sites in Fn. The minimal functional unit of RD2 is of 44 amino acids, with contributions from two adjacent RD2 repeats flanked by a novel 'MGGQSES' motif. RD2 binds to the N-terminal fibrin binding domain of Fn. UR contains 49 amino acids, of which six are from the first repeat of RD2. It binds to Fn with higher affinity than RD2, and recognizes a larger fragment that contains fibrin and collagen binding domains. Expression of UR and RD2 independently on the surface-exposed region of unrelated streptococcal protein demonstrates that both mediate adherence of the bacteria to the ECM. We describe here a mechanism of adherence of a pathogen that involves two pairs of sites located on a single adhesin molecule and directed at the same host receptor. 相似文献
3.
Shira Penner Barak Dror Iris Aviezer Yamit Bar‐Lev Ayelet Salman‐Minkov Terezie Mandakova Petr marda Itay Mayrose Yuval Sapir 《植物分类学报:英文版》2020,58(2):189-199
Local adaptation of plants along environmental gradients provides strong evidence for clinal evolution mediated by natural selection. Plants have developed diverse strategies to mitigate stress, for example, drought escape is a phenological strategy to avoid drought stress, while polyploidy was proposed as a genomic adaptation to stress. Polyploidy as an adaptation to aridity (an environmental parameter integrating temperature and precipitation) was previously documented in annual Brachypodium spp. (Poaceae) in the Western Mediterranean. Here, we examined whether polyploidy or phenology are associated with aridity in annual Brachypodium spp. along the aridity gradient in the Eastern Mediterranean. Using flow cytometry, we determined ploidy levels of plants from natural populations along the Israeli gradient, spanning ∼424 km from mesic Mediterranean to extreme desert climates. In a common garden we recorded time of seedling emergence, flowering and senescence. We tested whether the proportion of allotetraploids in the populations and phenological traits were associated with aridity. Contrary to a previous study in the Western Mediterranean, we found no effect of aridity on the proportion of allotetraploids and diploids within populations. Interestingly, phenology was associated with aridity: time of emergence was later, while flowering and senescence were earlier in desert plants. Our results indicate that in the Eastern Mediterranean, adaptation of Brachypodium to aridity is mediated mainly by phenology, rather than ploidy level. Therefore, we suggest that genome duplication is not the main driver of adaptation to environmental stress; rather, phenological change as a drought escape mechanism may be the major adaptation. 相似文献
4.
Itzhak Zander Ester Shmidov Shira Roth Yossi Ben-David Irit Shoval Sivan Shoshani Amos Danielli Ehud Banin 《Environmental microbiology》2020,22(12):5048-5057
Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic modules usually consisting of two elements—a toxin and an antitoxin. The abundance of TA systems among various bacterial strains may indicate an important evolutionary role. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can be found in a variety of niches in nature, is an opportunistic pathogen for various hosts. While P. aeruginosa strains are very versatile and diverse, only a few TA systems were characterized in this species. Here, we describe a newly characterized TA system in P. aeruginosa that is encoded within the filamentous Pf4 prophage. This system, named PfiT/PfiA, is a homologue of the ParE/YefM TA system. It is a type II TA system, in which the antitoxin is a protein that binds the toxic protein and eliminates the toxic effect. PfiT/PfiA carries several typical type II characteristics. Specifically, it constitutes two small genes expressed in a single operon, PfiT inhibits growth and PfiA eliminates this effect, PfiA binds PfiT, and PfiT expression results in elongated cells. Finally, we assigned a novel function to this TA system, where an imbalance between PfiT and PfiA, favouring the toxin, resulted in cell elongation and an increase in virion production. 相似文献
5.
Addition of Rapamycin to Anti-CD3 Antibody Improves Long-Term Glycaemia Control in Diabetic NOD Mice
Shira Perl Jordan Perlman R. P. Weitzel Oswald Phang Matthew M. Hsieh John Tisdale 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Aims/Hypothesis
Non-Fc-binding Anti CD3 antibody has proven successful in reverting diabetes in the non-obese diabetes mouse model of type 1 diabetes and limited efficacy has been observed in human clinical trials. We hypothesized that addition of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor capable of inducing operational tolerance in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, would result in improved diabetes reversal rates and overall glycemia.Methods
Seventy hyperglycemic non-obese diabetic mice were randomized to either a single injection of anti CD3 alone or a single injection of anti CD3 followed by 14 days of intra-peritoneal rapamycin. Mice were monitored for hyperglycemia and metabolic control.Results
Mice treated with the combination of anti CD3 and rapamycin had similar rates of diabetes reversal compared to anti CD3 alone (25/35 vs. 22/35). Mice treated with anti CD3 plus rapamycin had a significant improvement in glycemia control as exhibited by lower blood glucose levels in response to an intra-peritoneal glucose challenge; average peak blood glucose levels 30 min post intra-peritoneal injection of 2 gr/kg glucose were 6.9 mmol/L in the anti CD3 plus rapamycin group vs. 10 mmo/L in the anti CD3 alone (P<0.05).Conclusions/Interpretation
The addition of rapamycin to anti CD3 results in significant improvement in glycaemia control in diabetic NOD mice. 相似文献6.
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9.
Tyrosine phosphatase epsilon is a positive regulator of osteoclast function in vitro and in vivo 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
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Chiusaroli R Knobler H Luxenburg C Sanjay A Granot-Attas S Tiran Z Miyazaki T Harmelin A Baron R Elson A 《Molecular biology of the cell》2004,15(1):234-244
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a major regulator of bone metabolism. Tyrosine phosphatases participate in regulating phosphorylation, but roles of specific phosphatases in bone metabolism are largely unknown. We demonstrate that young (<12 weeks) female mice lacking tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTPepsilon) exhibit increased trabecular bone mass due to cell-specific defects in osteoclast function. These defects are manifested in vivo as reduced association of osteoclasts with bone and as reduced serum concentration of C-terminal collagen telopeptides, specific products of osteoclast-mediated bone degradation. Osteoclast-like cells are generated readily from PTPepsilon-deficient bone-marrow precursors. However, cultures of these cells contain few mature, polarized cells and perform poorly in bone resorption assays in vitro. Podosomes, structures by which osteoclasts adhere to matrix, are disorganized and tend to form large clusters in these cells, suggesting that lack of PTPepsilon adversely affects podosomal arrangement in the final stages of osteoclast polarization. The gender and age specificities of the bone phenotype suggest that it is modulated by hormonal status, despite normal serum levels of estrogen and progesterone in affected mice. Stimulation of bone resorption by RANKL and, surprisingly, Src activity and Pyk2 phosphorylation are normal in PTPepsilon-deficient osteoclasts, indicating that loss of PTPepsilon does not cause widespread disruption of these signaling pathways. These results establish PTPepsilon as a phosphatase required for optimal structure, subcellular organization, and function of osteoclasts in vivo and in vitro. 相似文献
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