原位缺口平移标记断裂DNA技术及其在检测流行性出血热尸检和实验动物组织中细胞凋亡和早期死亡的应用

原位缺口平移技术（ＩＳＮＴ）已被用于检测细胞核中ＤＮＡ断裂鉴别尸检组织中细胞的凋亡和坏死断裂、流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）组织中存在散在单个细胞变性死亡和灶性梗死样坏死,前者带有细胞凋亡的特征。本文以ＥＨＦ肝脏和实验性病毒感染鼠脑组织为例,应用缺口平移法,在ＤＮＡ聚合酶或Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ酶的作用下,将地高辛标记的ｄＵＴＰ掺入合成到ＤＮＡ的断裂部位,通过碱性磷酸酶标抗地高辛抗体免疫组化法显示细胞ＤＮＡ的断裂,检测和鉴别细胞的凋亡和坏死。为分析死后解剖时间间隔及组织固定时间对该方法的影响,本文选用死后２～１４０ｈ尸检、经常规固定石蜡包埋后存放１０～３５年的标本和在１０％福尔马林固定了１０～３５年之后再进行常规处理的标本。实验时用蛋白酶Ｋ（ＰＫ）消化前后对比并分别在标记反应液中略去ＤＮＡ聚合酶作为阴性对照,用ＤＮＡ酶消化组织人为制造ＤＮＡ缺日作为阳性对照。结果发现,未经ＰＫ消化的组织,仅灶性肝细胞核ＩＳＮＴ标记阳性,经ＰＫ消化后,散在的带有凋亡特征的肝细胞胞核也出现阳性,灶性肝细胞胞核标记染色增强,但无论是蛋白酶消化与否,明确梗死样坏死的肝细胞均不被标记。结果还发现,死后２～２４ｈ内尸检组织和长时间（１０～３４年）存放的石     

RT－cDNA克隆－PCR法获取犬瘟热病毒融合蛋白基因（F）

纯化鸡胚成纤维细胞培养的犬瘟热病毒（ＣａｎｉｎｅＤｉｓｔｅｍｐｅｒＶｉｒｕｓ,ＣＤＶ）,获得病毒基因组ＲＮＡ后,反转录合成双链病毒Ｆ基因ｃＤＮＡ。将此双链ｃＤＮＡ平端插入ＰＵＣ１９质粒ＳａｍⅠ位点构建重组质粒,进行ｃＤＮＡ克隆。以重组克隆质粒为模板ＰＣＲ扩增,获得ＣＤＶ全长Ｆ基因。将此Ｆ基因插入表达载体ＰＢＶ２２０,在大肠杆菌中表达,通过对表达产物的最终鉴定,可确认所获片段为ＣＤＶ全长Ｆ基因．     

银木种内化学类型研究

毛细管气相色谱／质谱／计算机联用仪器分析结果表明,在四川省成都市一人工种植的银木（Ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｕｍｓｅｐｔｅｎｔｒｉｏｎａｌｅ）种群中,其枝叶精油主要化学组成在各植株间存在很大差异,发现精油存在１,８－桉叶油素,樟脑,异丁香酚甲醇和９－氧代橙花叔醇等四个化学类型．除异丁香酚甲醚类型外,其余类型均为第一次报道．综观樟属其它种的化学类型研究可见,化学类型在樟属植物中普遍存在种内多型性和种间共性．     

水稻幼穗组培及白化苗的电镜观察

木文报道了五份水稻材料的幼穗组培的诱导率和分化率,对继代８次后的幼穗愈伤分化出的白苗和绿苗及其各自的愈伤进行电镜扫描,发现白苗的质体结构不完整,不能正常合成叶绿素。     

Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel heat-shock protein that binds to calmodulin.

A cDNA clone (pTCB48) encoding a calmodulin-binding protein was isolated by screening a lambda ZAPII cDNA expression library constructed from cell cultures of heat-shocked tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Wisconsin-38) with metabolically labeled [35S]calmodulin. Calmodulin gel overlay analysis indicated that pTCB48 generated major peptides of 53, 36, and 22 kD and two minor peptides of 37 and 16 kD that bound calmodulin in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Deletion analysis of pTCB48 indicated that these and the minor calmodulin-binding proteins resulted from the insert. A probe made from the cDNA insert recognized two bands with sizes of 2.1 and 1.8 kb on northern blot analysis. Both species of RNAs were undetectable in the control and were induced after 15 min of heat-shock treatment at 38 degrees C. The intensity of the two bands reached maximum after 1.5 h of heat-shock treatment. The cDNA clone was not full length; however, the complete sequence was determined by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends using nested antisense primers. The full-length cDNA contains 1648 bp and a single open reading frame of 1347 bp and is expected to encode a protein of approximately 50 kD. No significant homology with other reported genes and proteins was found. Structural predictions, deletion analysis, and gel overlay analysis suggested that the calmodulin-binding domain was a basic amphiphilic alpha-helix near the C terminus of the protein. The strong induction of the mRNA for this protein suggests a role for Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated process in the heat-shock response.     

A leucine triplet repeat sequence (LXX)4 in p6gag is important for Vpr incorporation into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles.

Incorporation of Vpr into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions is mediated by the Gag protein, independently of other viral components. We have coexpressed Vpr and Gag constructs in a vaccinia virus expression system in order to map the region of Gag involved in Vpr packaging. Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal p6 region of Gag impaired the ability of Gag to package Vpr. To confirm the role of p6 in Vpr packaging, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-HIV chimeras containing HIV-1 p6 were constructed. Although RSV Gag does not package Vpr into virus particles, a chimera containing HIV-1 p6 is sufficient for Vpr incorporation. To map the region of p6 involved in Vpr packaging, a series of p6 point mutations and deletion mutations was analyzed. Mutations in the N-terminal p6 proline-rich domain, for which preliminary evidence shows a marked decrease in virion incorporated RNA, did not affect Vpr incorporation. Deletion of residues 1 to 31 of HIV-1 p6 did not affect Vpr packaging, but residues 35 to 47, including an (LXX)4 domain, were required for Vpr incorporation into virus particles.     

Smoothed acyl chain orientational order parameter profiles in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-distearoylphosphatidylcholine mixtures: a 2H-NMR study.

The accommodation of chain-length mismatch in liquid crystal phase bilayers was examined by using deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance to obtain smoothed orientational order parameter profiles for acyl chains of both components in binary lipid mixture bilayers. Mixtures of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) covering a range of compositions were prepared with either DSPC acyl chains or DMPC acyl chains perdeuterated. Orientational order parameters in the plateau regions of the smoothed profiles for both components were found to increase smoothly with increasing DSPC concentration. The orientational order parameters in the DSPC-smoothed profile were found to be slightly higher than corresponding values for DMPC over a wide range of bilayer composition. The shapes of the smoothed profiles for both components were found to be sensitive to bilayer composition. At low DSPC concentration, DSPC methylene deuterons near the bilayer center display a secondary plateau at low orientational order. At high DSPC concentration, the plateau of the DMPC-smoothed profile is stretched slightly. The concentration dependence of the smoothed profiles at low DSPC concentration appears to be consistent with a picture in which the last few segments of the DSPC chain cross the bilayer midplane, on average, but remain very disordered.     

Construction of an ∼2 Mb contig in the region around 80 cM of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2

A method for construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs from a yeast artifical chromosome (YAC) physical map is described. An ∼2 Mb contig, consisting of two large BAC contigs linked by a small YAC, has been assembled in the region around 80 cM of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2. Clones from this contig will facilitate gene isolation in the region and can be used directly as substrates for DNA sequencing.     

Binding of vanadate to human erythrocyte ghosts and subsequent events

Spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the interaction between vanadate and human erythrocyte ghosts. Direct evidence from ⁵¹V nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies suggested that the monomeric and polymeric vanadate species may bind to the anion binding sites of band 3 protein of the erythrocyte membrane. The results of ⁵¹V NMR studies and the quenching effect of vanadate on the intrinsic fluorescence of the membrane proteins indicated that in the low concentration range of vanadate (<0.6 mm), monomeric vanadate binds mostly to the anion sites of band 3 protein with the dissociation constant close to 0.23 mm. The experiments of sulfhydryl content titration by the method of Ellman and residue sulfhydryl-labeled fluorescence spectroscopies clearly displayed that vanadate reacts directly with sulfhydryl groups. The appearance of the anisotropic election spin resonance (ESR) signal of vanadyl suggests that a small (c. 3%) amount of vanadate was reduced by sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins. The fluidity and order of intact ghost membrane were reduced by the reaction with vanadate, as shown by the ESR studies employing the protein- and lipid-specific spin labels. It was concluded that although vanadates mainly bind to band 3 protein, a minor part of vanadate may oxidize the residue sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins, and thus decrease the fluidity of erythrocyte membrane.