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21.
Masao Nishiura Sachiko Esaki Shintaro Kamiya 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(8):1109-1118
The occurence and distribution of flavonoid glycosides in young leaves and young and mature fruits of many citrus species and trifoliate orange were investigated. The occurence of neohesperidin in both young leaves and young fruits is fairly common to a number of species in subgenus Archicitrus. Ripe fruits of citrus could be classified into (a) the hesperidin group (b) the neohesperidin group (c) the naringin group and (d) the isonaringin group. A new flavanone glycoside, isonaringin, isolated from young fruits of Jagatarayu and Teng mikan is slightly bitter and has been determined by chemical and spectral evidences to have the structure of naringenin-7-rhamnoglucoside. Data showing the occurence of flavanone glycosides in some artificial citrus hybrids were also given. 相似文献
22.
Yuya Watari Shota Nishijima Marina Fukasawa Fumio Yamada Shintaro Abe Tadashi Miyashita 《Ecology and evolution》2013,3(14):4711-4721
For maintaining social and financial support for eradication programs of invasive species, quantitative assessment of recovery of native species or ecosystems is important because it provides a measurable parameter of success. However, setting a concrete goal for recovery is often difficult owing to lack of information prior to the introduction of invaders. Here, we present a novel approach to evaluate the achievement level of invasive predator management based on the carrying capacity of endangered species estimated using long‐term monitoring data. In Amami‐Oshima Island, Japan, where the eradication project of introduced small Indian mongoose is ongoing since 2000, we surveyed the population densities of four endangered species threatened by the mongoose (Amami rabbit, the Otton frog, Amami tip‐nosed frog, and Amami Ishikawa's frog) at four time points ranging from 2003 to 2011. We estimated the carrying capacities of these species using the logistic growth model combined with the effects of mongoose predation and environmental heterogeneity. All species showed clear tendencies toward increasing their density in line with decreased mongoose density, and they exhibited density‐dependent population growth. The estimated carrying capacities of three endangered species had small confidence intervals enough to measure recovery levels by the mongoose management. The population density of each endangered species has recovered to the level of the carrying capacity at about 20–40% of all sites, whereas no individuals were observed at more than 25% of all sites. We propose that the present approach involving appropriate monitoring data of native organism populations will be widely applicable to various eradication projects and provide unambiguous goals for management of invasive species. 相似文献
23.
Glutathione maintenance is crucial for survival of melanocytes after exposure to rhododendrol
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Masatoshi Kondo Keigo Kawabata Kohji Sato Sayuri Yamaguchi Akira Hachiya Yoshito Takahashi Shintaro Inoue 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》2016,29(5):541-549
Rhododendrol is a phenolic compound that shows a tyrosinase‐dependent toxicity for melanocytes and occasionally induces a vitiligo‐like skin depigmentation. The post‐tyrosinase mechanisms determining melanocyte death or survival, however, are far from clear. Here, we find that rhododendrol treatment leads to a reduction in the levels of cellular glutathione but also induces a cellular antioxidant response that eventually increases glutathione levels. We further find that rhododendrol toxicity is enhanced when glutathione levels are experimentally reduced and alleviated when glutathione levels are increased. Hence, it appears that the size of the preexisting glutathione pool along with the capacity to supply glutathione via the antioxidant response determines whether melanocytes survive or die after rhododendrol exposure. It is conceivable, therefore, that rhododendrol‐induced leukoderma depends on the capacity to maintain appropriate glutathione levels and that enhancement of glutathione levels may preserve a patient's melanocytes and potentially help in repigmentation. 相似文献
24.
Sayaka Nakashima Zhe Liu Yuya Yamaguchi Shunya Saiki Shintaro Munemasa Toshiyuki Nakamura Yoshiyuki Murata Yoshimasa Nakamura 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2016
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) is one of the colonic microflora-produced catabolites of quercetin 4′-glucoside (Q4′G). Although the interaction of DOPAC with cellular proteins might be involved in its biological activity, the actual proteins have not yet been identified. In this study, we developed a novel tag-free DOPAC probe to label the targeted proteins by the copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and verified its efficacy. Various labeled proteins were detected by the DOPAC probe with the azide labeled biotin and a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-streptavidin complex. Furthermore, a pulldown assay identified Keap1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as the target proteins for the phase 2 enzyme up-regulation. 相似文献
25.
Hirotake Abe Haruka Wada Muhammad Baghdadi Sayaka Nakanishi Yuu Usui Takahiro Tsuchikawa Toshiaki Shichinohe Satoshi Hirano Ken-ichiro Seino 《Human cell》2016,29(2):58-66
Cancer vaccines serve as a promising clinical immunotherapeutic strategy that help to trigger an effective and specific antitumor immune response compared to conventional therapies. However, poor immunogenicity of tumor cells remains a major obstacle for clinical application, and developing new methods to modify the immunogenicity of tumor cells may help to improve the clinical outcome of cancer vaccines. 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line has been known as poorly immunogenic and highly metastatic cell line. Using this model, we identified a sub cell line of 4T1—designated as 4T1-Sapporo (4T1-S)—which shows immunogenic properties when used as a vaccine against the same line. In 4T1-S-vaccinated mice, subcutaneous injection of 4T1-S resulted in an antitumor inflammatory response represented by significant enlargement of draining lymph nodes, accompanied with increased frequencies of activated CD8 T cells and a subpopulation of myeloid cells. Additionally, 4T1-S vaccine was ineffective to induce tumor rejection in nude mice, which importantly indicate that 4T1-S vaccine rely on T cell response to induce tumor rejection. Further analysis to identify mechanisms that control tumor immunogenicity in this model may help to develop new methods for improving the efficacies of clinical cancer vaccines. 相似文献
26.
Martin Surbeck Christophe Boesch Catherine Crockford Melissa Emery Thompson Takeshi Furuichi Barbara Fruth Gottfried Hohmann Shintaro Ishizuka Zarin Machanda Martin N. Muller Anne Pusey Tetsuya Sakamaki Nahoko Tokuyama Kara Walker Richard Wrangham Emily Wroblewski Klaus Zuberbühler Linda Vigilant Kevin Langergraber 《Current biology : CB》2019,29(10):R354-R355
27.
Although decapping is an important process in eukaryotic mRNA turnover, little is known about this process in plants. Here, we identified Arabidopsis thaliana decapping proteins AtDCP1 and AtDCP2 and showed that (I) AtDCP2 is an active decapping enzyme, (II) AtDCP1 interacts with itself, (III) AtDCP1 and AtDCP2 are localized to cytoplasmic foci (putative Arabidopsis processing body), and (IV) AtDCP1 and AtDCP2 are essential for post-embryonic development. Our findings provide new insights into the role of decapping-dependent mRNA turnover. 相似文献
28.
The diffusion properties of EGFP-hGRalpha and mutants C421G, A458T and I566 in living cells were analyzed. The wild type and mutants C421G and A458T translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after addition of Dex; however, the Brownian motions of the proteins were different. The diffusion constant of wild-type GRalpha after addition of Dex slowed to 15.6% of that in the absence of Dex, whereas those of A458T and C421G slowed to 34.8% and 61.7%, respectively. This is the first report that dimer formation is less important than the binding activity of GRalpha to GRE in the living cell. 相似文献
29.
Yao J Kim TW Qin J Jiang Z Qian Y Xiao H Lu Y Qian W Gulen MF Sizemore N DiDonato J Sato S Akira S Su B Li X 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2007,282(9):6075-6089
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) is phosphorylated after it is recruited to the receptor, subsequently ubiquitinated, and eventually degraded upon IL-1 stimulation. Although a point mutation changing lysine 134 to arginine (K134R) in IRAK abolished IL-1-induced IRAK ubiquitination and degradation, mutations of serines and threonines adjacent to lysine 134 to alanines ((S/T)A (131-144)) reduced IL-1-induced IRAK phosphorylation and abolished IRAK ubiquitination. Through the study of these IRAK modification mutants, we uncovered two parallel IL-1-mediated signaling pathways for NFkappaB activation, TAK1-dependent and MEKK3-dependent, respectively. These two pathways bifurcate at the level of IRAK modification. The TAK1-dependent pathway leads to IKKalpha/beta phosphorylation and IKKbeta activation, resulting in classical NFkappaB activation through IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. The TAK1-independent MEKK3-dependent pathway involves IKKgamma phosphorylation and IKKalpha activation, resulting in NFkappaB activation through IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and subsequent dissociation from NFkappaB but without IkappaBalpha degradation. These results provide significant insight to our further understanding of NFkappaB activation pathways. 相似文献
30.
Kudou D Misaki S Yamashita M Tamura T Takakura T Yoshioka T Yagi S Hoffman RM Takimoto A Esaki N Inagaki K 《Journal of biochemistry》2007,141(4):535-544
l-Methionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11, MGL_Pp) from Pseudomonas putida is a multifunctional enzyme, which belongs to the gamma-family of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes. In this report, we demonstrate that the three-dimensional structure of MGL_Pp has been completely solved by the molecular replacement method to an R-factor of 20.4% at 1.8 A resolution. Detailed information of the overall structure of MGL_Pp supplies a clear picture of the substrate- and PLP-binding pockets. Tyr59 and Arg61 of neighbouring subunits, which are strongly conserved in other gamma-family enzymes, contact the phosphate group of PLP. These residues are important as the main anchor within the active site. Lys240, Asp241 and Arg61 of one partner monomer and Tyr114 and Cys116 of the other partner monomer form a hydrogen-bond network in the MGL active site which is specific for MGLs. It is also suggested that electrostatic interactions at the subunit interface are involved in the stabilization of the structural conformation. The detailed structure will facilitate the development of MGL_Pp as an anticancer drug. 相似文献