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121.
The cutting sites specificity of topoisomerase II from porcine spleen were determined by a modified Sanger's DNA sequencing method. The topoisomerase II prefers to cut DNA at the 3' side of A and leave 5' protruding end with two staggering bases. Through the free energy analysis for DNA duplex, we also found that the topoisomerase II seemed cut DNA preferably at energetically unstable regions. So it is concluded that the specific DNA cutting by porcine spleen topoisomerase II has two structural recognition factors: one is to localize around the energetically unstable region and another is to act at the 3' side of A base. 相似文献
122.
Sokoloff's 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique was used to identify changes of glucose metabolic rate in the rat brain following unilateral stimulation of the head of the caudate nucleus. The results were as follows. The local glucose metabolic rate after noxious stimulation was increased in the somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, ventroposterior and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, septal area, habenular nucleus, head of caudate nucleus, periaqueductal gray (PAG) and dorsal raphe nucleus (P < 0.05). After stimulating the head of the caudate nucleus, the local glucose metabolic rate of nucleus raphe magnus (rm) and nucleus paragigantocellularis (pgcl) was increased significantly and that of the PAG and dorsal raphe nucleus had a tendency to increase, while stimulation of the head of caudate nucleus could partially abolish the increased glucose metabolic rate in the somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, ventroposterior and parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus, septal area and habenular nucleus as induced by noxious stimulation. These results suggest that caudate stimulation is able to depress the activation of some brain structures related to nociception and to activate those related to antinociception. The pgcl, rm, PAG and dorsal raphe nucleus might be the key structures participating in the caudate stimulation produced analgesia. 相似文献
123.
离体培养下大豆体细胞胚胎发生的组织学研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
大豆胚状体可以直接从未成熟的子叶表皮及表皮下面1—3层细胞发生。这些细胞经过脱分化后,首先形成细胞质浓厚、核大的胚的发生细胞,胚发生细胞再分裂形成胚性细胞团,胚性细胞团再继续分裂形成胚状体。胚状体的发育过程和合子胚一样,经过球形、心形,鱼雷期和子叶期等诸阶段发育成小植株。此外,在诱导胚状体发生过程中,还观察到另一值得注意的现象:在未成熟胚的子叶表皮下面1至较深处的数层细胞,也转变成分生状细胞团,这些分生状细胞团呈不规则状,从其起源看,可称它们为内生“胚状体”,这些内生“胚状体”培养至20天,即停止生长发育。 相似文献
124.
J Li R C Eisensmith T Wang W H Lo S Z Huang Y T Zeng L F Yuan S R Liu S L Woo 《Genomics》1992,13(3):894-895
Three novel missense mutations have been identified in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) genes of Chinese individuals afflicted with various degrees of phenylketonuria (PKU). A T-to-C transition was observed in exon 5 of the gene, resulting in the substitution of Phe161 by Ser161. Two substitutions, G-to-T and T-to-G, were observed in exon 7, resulting in the substitution of Gly247 by Val247 and Leu255 by Val255, respectively. Expression analysis demonstrated that these mutant proteins produced between 0 and 15% of normal PAH enzyme activity. Population screening of a Chinese sample population indicates that these mutations are quite rare, together accounting for only about 4% of all PKU alleles among the Chinese. The P161S and G247V mutations were each present on a single PAH RFLP haplotype 4 chromosome in patients form Northern China, while the L255V mutation was present on chromosomes of both haplotypes 18 and 21 in patients from Southern China. These results suggest that the remaining 30% of uncharacterized PKU alleles in the Chinese population may bear a large number of relatively rare PAH mutations. 相似文献
125.
V P Torchilin A L Klibanov L Huang S O'Donnell N D Nossiff B A Khaw 《FASEB journal》1992,6(9):2716-2719
The less than optimal accumulation of immunoliposome-associated reagents at target sites has often been attributed to the rapid in vivo clearance of immunoliposomes from the blood. In an attempt to overcome the drawback of rapid clearance and use the targeting potential of immunoliposomes, we have prepared long-circulating, 111In-labeled immunoliposomes. Targeting properties and enhanced circulation times were demonstrated in a rabbit model of acute experimental myocardial infarct. The specificity of liposomes for newly exposed intracellular cardiac myosin at the necrotic sites was achieved by incorporating monoclonal antimyosin antibody. Extended circulation times were achieved by cocoating the antimyosin-liposomes with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The half-life of the immunoliposomes was 40 min, which increased to 200 min with 4% mol PEG and to approximately 1000 min with 10% mol PEG. The degree of binding of modified immunoliposomes at the target sites was also dependent on the concentration of PEG incorporated at the liposome surface. This study demonstrates the accumulation of long-circulating targeted liposomes at the area of acute rabbit experimental myocardial infarction. 相似文献
126.
127.
128.
The majority of cells infected with the defective murine AIDS virus belong to the B-cell lineage. 总被引:13,自引:8,他引:5
Murine AIDS (MAIDS) is caused by a defective retrovirus which encodes a gag fusion protein (Pr60gag). We previously reported that this virus induced an oligoclonal proliferation of infected cells and suggested that this cell expansion was an important event in the pathogenesis of MAIDS. To identify these target cells, we constructed novel defective viruses whose genomes could be detected with specific probes. Helper-free stocks of these viruses induced MAIDS. Using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry and Southern analysis, we found that most infected cells belong to the B-cell lineage. Transformation of these B cells appears to be the primary event responsible for the development of immunodeficiency. This animal model may be relevant to our understanding of AIDS, of the immunodeficiencies associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, and of the role of B-cell proliferation and transformation in the effects of superantigens, since Pr60gag appears to be a superantigen. 相似文献
129.
130.
An experimental model which resembles human drug addiction was developed to study the effect of chronic drug (cocaine or morphine) administration on the immune system. As malnutrition has been associated with drug use, a low protein diet has been evaluated for its contribution to the impairment of the immune system during cocaine/morphine addiction. Female C57BL/6 mice that received a 20% or 4% casein diet were studied. Both drugs were administered intraperitoneally daily for 11 weeks and drugs were administered in increasing daily doses, beginning after 3 weeks of diet consumption. Doses of cocaine began with 5 mg/kg body weight and reached the maximum dose of 40 mg/kg/day at the fourth week. Doses of morphine gradually increased from 10 mg/kg to 75 mg/kg body weight with the maximum dose reached after 5 weeks of treatment. Cocaine administration reduced body weight, particularly in the low protein diet group, and spleen weight in protein malnourished mice. Cocaine as well as saline injected mice showed a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ CD8+ and Mac-1+ cells and an increase in B cells in the spleens of well nourished mice. Morphine-treated mice showed similar results to those observed in cocaine or saline treated mice. These results suggest that cocaine, morphine or saline injection can alter the percentage of cells that express a defined phenotype independently of the nutritional status of the subject. Moreover, the effect appears dependent on a stress mediated process. 相似文献