全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12287篇 |
免费 | 948篇 |
国内免费 | 29篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 108篇 |
2021年 | 231篇 |
2020年 | 116篇 |
2019年 | 158篇 |
2018年 | 240篇 |
2017年 | 203篇 |
2016年 | 369篇 |
2015年 | 629篇 |
2014年 | 781篇 |
2013年 | 824篇 |
2012年 | 998篇 |
2011年 | 942篇 |
2010年 | 555篇 |
2009年 | 495篇 |
2008年 | 689篇 |
2007年 | 666篇 |
2006年 | 647篇 |
2005年 | 573篇 |
2004年 | 547篇 |
2003年 | 449篇 |
2002年 | 388篇 |
2001年 | 322篇 |
2000年 | 274篇 |
1999年 | 178篇 |
1998年 | 95篇 |
1997年 | 77篇 |
1996年 | 81篇 |
1995年 | 74篇 |
1994年 | 68篇 |
1993年 | 49篇 |
1992年 | 121篇 |
1991年 | 80篇 |
1990年 | 96篇 |
1989年 | 98篇 |
1988年 | 69篇 |
1987年 | 73篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 71篇 |
1984年 | 61篇 |
1983年 | 48篇 |
1982年 | 66篇 |
1979年 | 60篇 |
1978年 | 40篇 |
1977年 | 40篇 |
1976年 | 42篇 |
1975年 | 48篇 |
1974年 | 50篇 |
1973年 | 52篇 |
1971年 | 31篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
71.
Composition of cross-linked 125I-follitropin-receptor complexes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Both of the alpha and beta subunits of intact human follitropin (FSH) were radioiodinated with 125I-sodium iodide and chloramine-T and could be resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Radioiodinated FSH was affinity-cross-linked with a cleavable (nondisulfide) homobifunctional reagent to its membrane receptor on the porcine granulosa cell surface as well as to a Triton X-100-solubilized form of the receptor. Cross-linked samples revealed three additional bands of slower electrophoretic mobility, corresponding to 65, 83, and 117 kDa, in addition to the hormone bands. The hormone alpha beta dimer band corresponded to 43 kDa. Formation of the three bands requires the 125I-hormone to bind specifically to the receptor with subsequent cross-linking. Binding was prevented by an excess of the native hormone but not by other hormones. A monofunctional analog of the cross-linking reagent failed to produce the three bands. Reagent concentration-dependent cross-linking revealed that their formation was sequential; smaller complexes formed first and then larger ones. When gels of cross-linked complexes were treated to cleave covalent cross-links and then electrophoresed in a second dimension, 18-, 22-, and 34-kDa components were released, in addition to the alpha and beta subunits of the hormone. 相似文献
72.
C. A. Batt M. T. Follettie H. K. Shin P. Yeh A. J. Sinskey 《Trends in biotechnology》1985,3(12):305-310
The coryneforms are a diverse group of bacteria which includes animal and plant pathogens as well as non-pathogenic bacteria. Although they are of significant economic and health importance, their genetics is poorly understood. The development of genetic engineering techniques for coryneforms and initial gene cloning studies are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Summary Short-term effects of CaCl2-treatment on parathyroid cells of the rat, especially on their storage granules, were studied at the ultrastructural level. After an injection of 4% CaCl2, serum calcium levels (SCL) rapidly increased from 9.1 mg/dl (controls) to a maximum of 14.9 mg/dl at 20 min. At 5 min after the injection, the number of type-I storage granules (large core) [NSG-I] and that of type-II storage granules (small core) [NSG-II] remained unchanged, in spite of elevated SCL (12.4 mg/dl). As soon as SCL rose to 13.2 mg/dl at 7.5 min, NSG-I gradually decreased to a minimum at 30 min; in contrast, NSG-II gradually increased to a maximum at 30 min. Vacuolar bodies also increased together with the augmentation of type-II storage granules. The average diameter of the core of the storage granules decreased significantly after the injection. Protein A-gold method for immunocytochemistry showed that the cores of these granules contain parathormone. Acid-phosphatase activity was occasionally found in storage granules of both types, especially in those of type II. It is concluded (i) that type-I storage granules may be transformed into vacuolar bodies via type-II granules as a result of hydrolysis, and (ii) that these processes may be accelerated during hypercalcemia. 相似文献
74.
Sumitomo Shinichiro Tatemoto Yukihiro Fukui Shin Nakamura Taka-aki Fukushima Shoji Ito Nobuyuki Mori Masahiko 《Virchows Archiv. B, Cell pathology including molecular pathology》1985,49(1):395-399
Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology - Paget cells from cases of mammary and extramammary Paget’s disease were examined for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related antigens by the... 相似文献
75.
76.
Direct evidence for the existence of nominal antigen binding sites on T cell surface Ti alpha-beta heterodimers of MHC-restricted T cell clones 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
R F Siliciano T J Hemesath J C Pratt R Z Dintzis H M Dintzis O Acuto H S Shin E L Reinherz 《Cell》1986,47(2):161-171
The binding of nominal antigen to Ti alpha-beta heterodimers on MHC-restricted human T cell clones specific for fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FL) was detected by flow cytometry and affinity chromatography. The FL-Ti interaction is of physiologic significance, since T cell activation is induced by cross-linked arrays of FL in the absence of the specific MHC recognition. High antigen valence is required to achieve stable binding to cells and subsequent activation, which is consistent with estimated Ti-FL association constants of less than 3 X 10(5) l/mol. In addition to providing direct evidence that the Ti alpha-beta heterodimer is the receptor for antigen, these data suggest that nominal antigen binding sites exist on the Ti molecules of at least some MHC-restricted clones. 相似文献
77.
A possible phagocytic role for folliculo-stellate cells of anterior pituitary following estrogen withdrawal from primed male rats 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary Ultrastructural changes suggesting a phagocytic role for the nongranular folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior pituitary are investigated in estrogen-primed male rats after withdrawal of estrogen. Morphological changes in mammotropes following the removal of a subcutaneous estradiol-containing Silastic implant include the formation of intracellular lipid bodies. These lipid bodies appear to be associated with enhanced estrogen-dependent prolactin secretion in mammotropes. Seven and 24 h after estrogen withdrawal intracellular lipid within mammotropes seems to be released into the intercellular space. Seventy-two h after estrogen withdrawal, lipid droplets are almost entirely cleared from mammotropes while folliculo-stellate cells become packed with lipid globules. Folliculo-stellate cells also undergo dramatic hypertrophy 7 and 24 h after the removal of E2-containing implants. Extensive intercellular junctions including zonulae adhaerentes, desmosomes, and putative gap junctions are formed. Intercellular junctions delineate extravascular channels into which numerous microvilli project. Folliculo-stellate cells appear capable of accumulating many lipid droplets, presumably related to mammotrope metabolism. What appear to be large secondary lysosomes as well as the lipid droplets are observed within folliculostellate cells; lipid, therefore, may be degraded through a lysosomal pathway in folliculo-stellate cells. 相似文献
78.
Band 3 of the human erythrocyte is involved in anion transport and binding of the cytoskeleton to the membrane bilayer. Human erythrocytes were treated to incorporate varying concentrations of DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid) a non-penetrating, irreversible inhibitor of anion transport, and both functions of Band 3 were analyzed. The rate of efflux of 35SO4. was measured and the binding of cytoskeletal components to the membrane was evaluated by extracting the membranes with 0.1 n NaOH and analyzing for the peptides remaining with the membrane. It was found that 0.1 n NaOH extracts all the extrinsic proteins from membranes of untreated cells, while, in the case of the membranes from cells treated with DIDS, a portion of the cytoskeletal components, spectrin (Bands 1 and 2) and Band 2.1 (ankyrin, syndein) remain with the membrane. The amount of these cytoskeletal components remaining with the membrane depends on the concentrations of DIDS incorporated. The effect of DIDS on the extractability of the spectrin-Band 2.1 complex correlates well with DIDS inhibition of anion transport (r = 0.91). At DIDS concentrations which completely inhibit anion transport, about 10% of total spectrin-Band 2.1 complex remains unextracted. Another anion-transport inhibitor, pyridoxal phosphate, has no effect on binding of the cytoskeleton to the membrane. On the other hand, digestion of DIDS-pretreated intact erythrocytes with Pronase, chymotrypsin, or trypsin releases the tight binding of Band 3 to cytoskeleton on the inside of the membrane. Since trypsin does not hydrolyze Band 3 the data suggest that a second membrane protein which is trypsin sensitive may be involved with Band 3 in cytoskeletal binding. 相似文献
79.
Construction of a new yeast cloning vector containing autonomous replication sequences from Candida utilis. 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of bacteriology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
DNA sequences from the Candida utilis genome which, when cloned into a yeast integration plasmid (YIp5), confer on YIp5 the ability to replicate autonomously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are described. Several recombinant plasmids which transform S. cerevisiae YNN27 to Ura3+ with an efficiency of 2 X 10(3) transformants per microgram of DNA were obtained. One of the recombinant plasmids, pHMR22 (6.6 kilobases) contains ars (autonomous replication sequence), which is homologous with two different DNA fragments of the C. utilis genome but has no detectable homology to total DNA from Candida albicans, Pachysolen tannophilus, or S. cerevisiae. Restriction and subcloning analyses of pHMR22 showed that Sau3A destroys the functions of cloned ars whereas there are no BamHI, PstI, SalI, HindIII, EcoRI, or PvuII sites in the region of ars which is required for its functional integrity. Thus, pHMR22 appears to be a useful vector for cloning desired genes in S. cerevisiae. 相似文献
80.
The effect of papain upon proline and sodium transport of rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Treatment of renal brush-border membrane vesicles with papain resulted in the removal of the activity of maltase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase by 85, 50 and 75%, respectively. Stripping of these membrane enzyme activities constituted about 2% of the total membrane proteins and resulted in a widespread diminution in the ability of a variety of amino acids and sugars to be taken up by the membrane vesicles which remained osmotically responsive. Kinetic analysis of the uptake of proline, which was shown previously to be transported by both sodium-dependent and sodium-independent systems, revealed that the Vmax for the sodium-dependent system and Km for the sodium-independent system were halved, but other parameters were not affected indicating that the papain treatment altered sodium-gradient-stimulated entry and the affinity of the sodium-gradient-independent system for proline. Experiments on sodium entry and efflux demonstrate a marked enhancement of flux, so that equilibration of the sodium gradient occurred about 5-times more rapidly than in untreated vesicles. This occurred without any change in the osmotic properties of the vesicle with regard to sodium or amino acid uptake. Studies of fluorescence polarization suggest that incubation with papain does not alter the lipid domains of the membrane. 相似文献