Induction of Light Dependent Pyruvate Transport into Chloroplasts of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum by Salt Stress

Mode of photosynthesis in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum changesfrom C₃ to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) when the plantswere stressed with high salinity. [¹⁴C]Pyruvate uptake for 30s into intact chloroplasts isolated from leaves of the CAM modeof M. crystallinum was enhanced more than 5-fold in the lightcompared with that in the dark. The stromal concentration ofpyruvate in the light reached to more than 2.5 times of themedium. In contrast, little or no pyruvate uptake occurred inchloroplasts from C₃ leaves in either light or dark condition.The initial uptake rate (10 s incubation at 4°C) into theCAM chloroplasts in the light was about 3-fold higher than therate in the dark. K_m and V_max of the initial uptake in the lightwere 0.54 mM and 8.5 µmol (mg Chl)^–1 h^–1 respectively.These suggest that pyruvate was actively incorporated into theCAM chloroplasts against its concentration gradient across theenvelope in the light. When hydroponically grown M. crystallinumwere stressed by 350 mM NaCl, the capacity of chloroplasts forpyruvate uptake was induced in 6 d corresponding to the inductionof the activities of PEP-carboxylase and NAD(P)⁺-malic enzymesin response to salt stress. (Received October 12, 1995; Accepted January 19, 1996)     

生物复苏——大绝灭后生物演化历史的第一幕

生命史是一部生物界短期,快速剧变与长期,慢速稳定相互交替的历史。大绝灭（即集群绝灭）事件反映了全球环境的大突变,点断了地质历史中的生命记录及其发展历程,预示着生物界的演化出现了最有意义的飞跃,近年来尝试研究大绝灭后全球生物界的残存－复苏及其基本型式,并探索复苏的控制因素,标志着地质科学中一个重心的转移（即从大绝灭转向其后的生物残存与复苏的研究）。生物复苏揭示了大绝灭后生物演化历史的第一幕,其研究的     

腺苷三磷酸和环腺苷单磷酸对丝状真菌纤维素酶合成的调节

以虫荧光素酶法检验了四株丝状真菌在葡萄糖—无机盐液体培养过程中的胞内ATP含量。结果表明,只有当胞内ATP浓度低于10~(-S)mg/ml时,真菌才开始合成胞外纤维素酶(FPA)。以不同浓度的各种碳源培养时,菌体胞内ATP含量只要超过10~(-1)mg/ml,FPA的合成即发生阻遏。菌体胞内ATP含量与FPA合成呈显著负相关。以高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测了菌体培养液中的cAMP含量。在非阻遏条件下,外源cAMP可以提高FPA的合成水平。但外源cAMP不能解除已经发生的酶合成阻遏。菌体ATP和cAMP水平是调节真菌纤维素酶合成的重要因子。     

The effect of rebamipide on gastric xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion in ethanol-treated rats

Rebamipide, a novel antipeptic ulcer drug, 2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2(1H)-quinolinone-4-yl]-propionic acid, was studied for its inhibitory effect on gastric xanthine oxidase activity and type conversion of the enzyme that has a profound role in free radical generation. Intraperitoneal administration of rebamipide at 60 mg/kg body weight reduced gastric mucosal hemorrhagic lesions and lipid peroxidation, which was proportional to the inhibitory effect of rebamipide on alcohol-induced xanthine oxidase-type conversion and enzyme activity. It was also observed that the activity of xanthine oxidase was significantly inhibited by administration of rebamipide at 60 mg/kg body weight, leading to a significant reduction of lipid peroxide content in alcohol-treated rats. The results suggest that alcohol-induced gastric mucosal lesions might be, in part, due to the increased activity of xanthine oxidase and type conversion rate of the enzyme and the protective effect of rebamipide on gastric mucosal lesions would result from its ability to protect against oxidative stress on gastric mucosal lesions of alcohol-treated rats.     

L-山梨糖提高木霉纤维素酶合成速率机制的研究

在0.5％葡萄糖-Mandels盐培养液中添加终浓度为0.5％的L-山梨糖,可使里斯木霉(Trichoderma reesei C 30)和拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma pseudokoningii S38)的内切和外切β-1,4葡聚糖酶合成速率在培养的2天内提高4倍。与此同时β-葡萄糖苷酶的合成没有明显变化。L-山梨糖能明显抑制菌丝生长,但对葡萄糖的吸收没有影响,对菌丝分泌纤维素酶的机制影响不大。其对酶合成的促进可能主要是通过降低了菌丝体的生长速率。     

普通小麦×东方旱麦草属间杂种的产生及无性系的建立

本研究以普通小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．;２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２,ＡＡＢＢＤＤ）为母本,以东方旱麦草（Ｅｒｅｍｏｐｙｒｕｍｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｅ（Ｌ．）Ｊａｕｂ．ｅｔＳｐａｃｈ;２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８）为父本,首次成功地获得了属间远缘杂种Ｆ１,其平均结实率为０．０８％。利用植物细胞工程技术,对杂种幼胚愈伤组织的诱导、胚性无性系的建立、植株再生、壮苗培养等,最终获得了生长正常的杂种Ｆ１植株。同时,通过对杂种幼胚愈伤组织、根尖细胞的细胞学观察,结果表明该杂种为真杂种,即２ｎ＝５ｘ＝３５（预期染色体数）的杂种细胞占主体;另外,因组培过程中发生了染色体数目的变异,故也有少量２ｎ＝２８－３４染色体数的细胞。以上杂种的获得为将旱麦草优异基因向小麦的转移奠定了基础。     

新型生物——人工复合血管研制的初步报告

本文设计一种由胶原和高分子聚合物组成的新型生物一人工复合血管。其研制过程是将包绕有聚酯网的硅胶棒埋入羊的皮下组织,再将形成的经聚酯网为支架的胶原管经醛化处理。作者通过肉眼和SEM观察提出了研制生物——人工复合血管的要点:聚酯网网孔要合适,其与硅胶棒的间隙要恰当,理化处理方法更要选择好。     

细胞色素c在氨基酸及二肽修饰金电极上的电化学反应

系统地研究了细胞色素ｃ在多种氨基酸和多肽修饰电极上的电化学反应。并对影响加速细胞色素ｃ电化学反应的因素进行了讨论。     

无花果蛋白酶在阴离子交换树脂上的固定化

无花果蛋白酶通过８％戊二醛活化载体,共价结合到聚苯乙烯阴离子交换树脂ＧＭ２０１上,固定化作用在ｐＨ７．７,酶浓度０．８ｍｇ／ｇ树脂,４℃下进行６ｈ。得到的固定化酶表观Ｋ_ｍ值（酪蛋白,１．１１×１０~（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）小于溶液酶Ｋ_ｍ值（１．９６×１０~（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）;固定化酶活性在ｐＨ６～８保持稳定,溶液酶最适ｐＨ为７．２;固定化酶最适温度由溶液酶的５０～６０℃移至３７℃;固定化酶２５℃保持７ｄ,重复水解酪蛋白７次后,保留８３．３％活性。固定化酶对酪蛋白水解度达４７．５％,对大豆球蛋白达１１．６％。