中国盲走螨属一新种和二新纪录：蜱螨亚纲：植绥螨科

本文记述我国植绥螨科盲走螨属Ｔｙｐｈｌｏｄｒｏｍｕｓ一新种和中国二新纪录：鲁盲走螨Ｔ．ｌｕｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,甲胄盲走螨Ｔ．ｌｏｒｃａｔｕｓ,肥厚盲走螨Ｔ．ｈｉｇｏｅｎｓｉｓ。标本保存于上海复旦大学环境和资源生物系。     

Increased shikonin production by hairy roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon in two phase bubble column reactor

Summary Plant hairy root cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were carried out to produce shikonin derivatives by employing in situ extraction with n-hexadecane in a shake flask and a bubble column bioreactor. Over 95 % shikonin produced was recovered in the n-hexadecane layer. In flask cultures the maximum concentration of shikonin with n-hexadecane extraction was 3 times higher than that obtained without extraction. In the two phase bubble column reactor, 572.6 mg/L of shikonin and 15.6 g/L of dry cell mass were obtained after 54 days. Shikonin was produced at a constant level of 10.6 mg/L day during this period.     

钙／钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶对17．7kD和6kD胰腺蛋白的磷酸化

本文报导了胰腺提取物中两种可被钙／钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化的热稳定蛋白。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定其表观分子量分别为１７．７ｋＤ和６ｋＤ。经钙／钙调素依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化后,其最大磷酸参入量为８．８μｍｏｌ／ｇ蛋白。同时磷酸化作用导致１７．７ｋＤ蛋白在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ中迁移率发生变化。本文还进一步分析了各种阳离子对磷酸化的影响,并对此两种蛋白可能具有的生理功能进行了初步探讨。     

A NEW SPECIES OF GENUS HABROPHLEBIODES ULMER (EPHEMEROPTERA: LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE)

Abstract  The present paper deals with a new species Habrophlebiodes zijinensis sp. nov. collected in Nanjing, Jiangsu Povince, China.     

Alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion by cell-free extract of Escherichia coli

Isozyme type 1 of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli K-12 was converted to types 2 and 3 after incubation of type 1 isozyme with the supernatant of a sonicated cell-free extract prepared from the cells carrying the cloned iap+ gene on a multi-copy plasmid. By comparison, the lysate prepared from cells carrying the iap+ gene only on the chromosome showed much less isozyme-converting activity. The reaction was promoted by Mg2+ at concentrations of 10 to 50 mM. Protease inhibitors, antipain and leupeptin which inhibit the isozyme conversion in vivo, also inhibited the isozyme conversion in vitro. These results suggest that cells carrying the multiple copy iap+ plasmid overproduce a kind of proteolytic enzyme which removes the amino-terminal arginine residues from isozymes 1 and 2.     

Alteration of mitochondrial genomes containing atpA genes in the sexual progeny of cybrids between Raphanus sativus cms line and Brassica napus cv. Westar

Summary We have investigated the fate of the mitochondrial genomes of cybrids derived from donor-recipient protoplast fusion between X-irradiated Raphanus sativus (cms line) and iodoacetamide-treated Brassica napus cv. Westar. Two out of ten fusion products were male-sterile with the diploid chromosome number of B. napus. The mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the cybrids and their progeny were further analyzed by DNA-DNA hybridizaion using the pea mitochondrial ATPase subunit gene (atpA) as a probe. One cybrid, 18-3, had a 3.0 kb fragment characteristic of B. napus and a 2.0 kb non-parental fragment when the BamHI-digested DNA was hybridized with the probe. In the first-backcrossed progeny of this cybrid, the hybridization pattern was not stably inherited. A 4.0 kb radish fragment, not detectable in the cybrid, appeared in one of the BC₁ generation siblings, and the 2.0 kb non-parental fragment was lost in another. The hybridization patterns in BC₁ progeny siblings of cybrid 12-9 were also varied. The alteration of mtDNA in the cybrid progeny continued to the BC₂ generation. There was no clear evidence of a heteroplasmic state or of sub-stoichiometric molecules in the mt genome of cybrid 18-3. A possible cause of the observed alteration in the mt genome is discussed.     

Endocrine function in a case of beta-adrenergic hyperdynamic circulatory state.

Endocrine functions were investigated in a case of "beta-adrenergic hyperdynamic circulatory state". This state was diagnosed by (1) typical symptoms of cardiac awareness, (2) physical findings (increments of pulse rate and blood pressure by changing positions or walking), (3) increase in cardiac output (5.25 l/min leads to 14.03 l/min) and decrease in circulatory time (10.8 sec leads to 5.5 sec) by isoproterenol infusion (0.02 mug/min/kg body weight), (4) rapid loss of symptoms and above findings by propranolol treatment (30 mg per os daily) and reappearance by discontinuing medication. The mechanism of insulin response to glucose has been a controversy as to whether the secretion is transmitted by beta-receptor or independent glucose receptor. And in this physiologic beta-adrenergic state, it was found that insulin responses in IVGTT and OGTT were within normal limit. When beta-adrenergic condition was corrected by propranolol treatment, insulin responses were shown lowered, though in the normal range. This could be reproduced by discontinuing medication. Insulin, glucagon and growth hormone secretions caused by arginine were also found normal, but during the period the patient was on propranolol therapy, all responses were decreased, within the normal range. These results do not positively support the idea that glucose receptor is linked to beta-receptor. They do not either agree with the contention that secretions of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone induced by arginine are mediated through beta-receptors.     

mTORC1-independent translation control in mammalian cells by methionine adenosyltransferase 2A and S-adenosylmethionine

Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). As the sole methyl-donor for methylation of DNA, RNA, and proteins, SAM levels affect gene expression by changing methylation patterns. Expression of MAT2A, the catalytic subunit of isozyme MAT2, is positively correlated with proliferation of cancer cells; however, how MAT2A promotes cell proliferation is largely unknown. Given that the protein synthesis is induced in proliferating cells and that RNA and protein components of translation machinery are methylated, we tested here whether MAT2 and SAM are coupled with protein synthesis. By measuring ongoing protein translation via puromycin labeling, we revealed that MAT2A depletion or chemical inhibition reduced protein synthesis in HeLa and Hepa1 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of MAT2A enhanced protein synthesis, indicating that SAM is limiting under normal culture conditions. In addition, MAT2 inhibition did not accompany reduction in mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activity but nevertheless reduced polysome formation. Polysome-bound RNA sequencing revealed that MAT2 inhibition decreased translation efficiency of some fraction of mRNAs. MAT2A was also found to interact with the proteins involved in rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis; depletion or inhibition of MAT2 reduced 18S rRNA processing. Finally, quantitative mass spectrometry revealed that some translation factors were dynamically methylated in response to the activity of MAT2A. These observations suggest that cells possess an mTOR-independent regulatory mechanism that tunes translation in response to the levels of SAM. Such a system may acclimate cells for survival when SAM synthesis is reduced, whereas it may support proliferation when SAM is sufficient.