全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1628篇 |
免费 | 94篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
1723篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 26篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 28篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 55篇 |
2015年 | 56篇 |
2014年 | 81篇 |
2013年 | 94篇 |
2012年 | 119篇 |
2011年 | 111篇 |
2010年 | 63篇 |
2009年 | 60篇 |
2008年 | 71篇 |
2007年 | 75篇 |
2006年 | 57篇 |
2005年 | 75篇 |
2004年 | 48篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 19篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 30篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 15篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1974年 | 20篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 10篇 |
1971年 | 12篇 |
1970年 | 9篇 |
1969年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有1723条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
102.
Testicular fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of azoospermia and oligospermia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arora VK Singh N Bhatia A Rashmi Radhakrishnan G Jain BK Agarwal N 《Acta cytologica》2000,44(3):349-356
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate qualitative and quantitative cytologic features on testicular fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of azoospermia and oligospermia and to correlate cytologic and histologic diagnoses. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, 50 infertile males selected from the infertility clinic of Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital were studied. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from both testes of 27 azoospermic and 23 oligospermic patients (sperm count < 10 million per milliliter) were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain. Differential counting of 500 spermatogenic cells was done, and the number of Sertoli cells per 500 germ cells was determined for calculating the spermatic index and Sertoli cell index, respectively. FNAC and testicular biopsy were performed under local anesthesia as a minor surgical procedure. RESULTS: Six groups were identified on FNAC smears from azoospermic patients: I. normal spermatogenesis (8), II. hypospermatogenesis (2), III. maturation arrest (2), IV. Sertoli cells only (6), V. atrophic pattern (7), and VI. Leydig cell predominance (2). In oligospermic patients two groups were identified: I. those with normal spermatogenesis (4), and II. those with subnormal spermatogenesis (19). Correlation with histopathologic examination was seen in 81.5% azoospermic and 65.2% oligospermic patients. CONCLUSION: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of testicular FNAC provides useful information on both azoospermic and oligospermic patients. FNAC performed under local anesthesia is an acceptable outpatient procedure that consistently yields sufficient diagnostic material in all patients. 相似文献
103.
Mirshahi M Golestaneh N Valamanesh F Agarwal MK 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2000,270(3):811-815
PCR analysis and Western blotting revealed the expression of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR) and the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) genes at the level of RNA, DNA, and protein in several leukemic cell lines, fibroblasts from human cornea, and epithelial cells from ocular tissues. Following immunofluorescence, the MCR appeared to be primarily nuclear whereas the ENaC was almost exclusively membrane-bound. Paradoxically, the MCR-specific antagonist ZK 91587 actually stimulated the multiplication of human erythroblastic leukemia cells, contrary to the inhibitory effect of the antagonist RU 26752 on the multiplication of corneal fibroblasts; both effects were opposed by aldosterone. In quantitative PCR, both basal and aldosterone-induced levels of ENaC were diminished by ZK 91587 in the corneal fibroblast, in contrast to the stimulation observed in the retinal pigmentary epithelium. Thus, contrary to the existing notions, (a) antimineralocorticoids can act both as agonists and antagonists, and (b) the receptor-mediated action of mineralocorticoids on the sodium channel is not restricted to the epithelial cell. 相似文献
104.
The HSD11B2 and VPATPD genes encoding the human kidney isozyme of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD2) and subunit D of the vacuolar proton ATPase, respectively, are located on chromosome 16q22. They are transcribed from complementary DNA strands and their 3' ends are only 0.5 kilobase apart. Because polymorphisms in HSD11B2 have been associated with hypertension and salt sensitivity, we characterized the human VPATPD gene. It spans 19 kb and consists of 8 exons. The encoded protein is 99.5% identical to mouse subunit D at the amino acid level. An alternating purine-pyrimidine tract is located in the 3'-untranslated region of VPATPD. On genotyping 17 hypertensive subjects, no length polymorphism was found. Although VPATPD and HSD11B2 are both expressed in kidney and placenta, they are regulated differently; forskolin upregulates HSD11B2 but not VPATPD in human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells. The functional significance of the proximity of these two genes remains to be established. 相似文献
105.
S. M. Gupta A. Agarwal B. Dev K. Kumar O. Prakash M. C. Arya M. Nasim 《Photosynthetica》2016,54(1):138-142
Photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), water-use efficiency (WUE), and stomatal conductance (gs) were studied in indoor C3 plants Philodendron domesticum (Pd), Dracaena fragans (Df), Peperomia obtussifolia (Po), Chlorophytum comosum (Cc), and in a CAM plant, Sansevieria trifasciata (St), exposed to various low temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C). All studied plants survived up to 0°C, but only St and Cc endured, while other plants wilted, when the temperature increased back to room temperature (25°C). The PN declined rapidly with the decrease of temperature in all studied plants. St showed the maximum PN of 11.9 μmol m?2 s?1 at 25°C followed by Cc, Po, Pd, and Df. E also followed a trend almost similar to that of PN. St showed minimum E (0.1 mmol m?2 s?1) as compared to other studied C3 plants at 25°C. The E decreased up to ≈4-fold at 5 and 0°C. Furthermore, a considerable decline in WUE was observed under cold stress in all C3 plants, while St showed maximum WUE. Similarly, the gs also declined gradually with the decrease in the temperature in all plants. Among C3 plants, Pd and Po showed the maximum gs of 0.07 mol m?2 s?1 at 25°C followed by Df and Cc. However, St showed the minimum gs that further decreased up to ~4-fold at 0°C. In addition, the content of photosynthetic pigments [chlorophyll a, b, (a+b), and carotenoids] was varying in all studied plants at 0°C. Our findings clearly indicated the best photosynthetic potential of St compared to other studied plants. This species might be recommended for improving air quality in high-altitude closed environments. 相似文献
106.
Gupta Saurabh Chaubey Kundan Kumar Agarwal Prabhat Kuenstner J. Todd Parashar Deepak Singh Shoor Vir 《Molecular biology reports》2021,48(10):7013-7020
Molecular Biology Reports - A 26-year-old male had a history of frequent bowel movements, mushy stool with mucus and loss of 25 kg body weight in 6 months was diagnosed as a case... 相似文献
107.
108.
The implications of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the level of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) have been extensively studied in various ethnic groups. Our aim was to discover the association of MTHFR (C677T) polymorphism and homocysteine level with CAD in north Indian subjects. The study group consisted of 329 angiographically proven CAD patients, and 331 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls. MTHFR (C677T) gene polymorphism was detected based on the polymerase chain reaction and restriction digestion with HinfI. Total homocysteine plasma concentration was measured using immunoassay. T allele frequency was found to be significantly higher in patients than in the control group. We found significantly elevated levels of mean homocysteine in the patient group when compared to the control group (p = 0.00). Traditional risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking habits, a positive family history and lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol), were found significantly associated through univariate analysis. Furthermore, multivariable logistics regression analysis revealed that CAD is significantly and variably associated with diabetes, hypertension, smoking, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Our findings showed that MTHFR C677T polymorphism and homocysteine levels were associated with coronary artery disease in the selected population. 相似文献
109.
S.?L.?KothariEmail author Kalpana?Agarwal Satish?Kumar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2004,40(5):515-519
Summary Growth and morphogenesis of plant tissues under in vitro conditions are largely influenced by the composition of the culture media. In this study, effects of different inorganic
nutrients (ZnSO4 and CuSO4) on callus induction and plant regeneration of Eleusine coracana in vitro were examined. Primary callus induction without ZnSO4 resulted in improved shoot formation upon transfer of calluses to normal regeneration medium. CuSO4 increased to 5x the normal concentration in the media for primary seed callus induction and plant regeneration resulted in
a 4-fold increase in number of regnnerated shoots. For long-term callus cultures, 2x KNO3 or 4x Fe-EDTA could replace the requirement for α-naphthaleneacetic acid in the regeneration medium, while 60 μM ZnSO4 or 0.5 μM CuSO4 was optimal for plant regeneration from callus cultures. 相似文献
110.
Tesciuba AG Shilling RA Agarwal MD Bandukwala HS Clay BS Moore TV Weinstock JV Welcher AA Sperling AI 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2008,181(2):1019-1024
The T cell costimulatory molecule ICOS regulates Th2 effector function in allergic airway disease. Recently, several studies with ICOS(-/-) mice have also demonstrated a role for ICOS in Th2 differentiation. To determine the effects of ICOS on the early immune response, we investigated augmenting ICOS costimulation in a Th2-mediated immune response to Schistosoma mansoni Ags. We found that augmenting ICOS costimulation with B7RP-1-Fc increased the accumulation of T and B cells in the draining lymph nodes postimmunization. Interestingly, the increased numbers were due in part to increased migration of undivided Ag-specific TCR transgenic T cells and surprisingly B cells, as well as non-TCR transgenic T cells. B7RP-1-Fc also increased the levels of the chemokines CCL21 and CXCL13 in the draining lymph node, suggesting ICOS costimulation contributes to migration by direct or indirect effects on dendritic cells, stromal cells and high endothelial venules. Further, the effects of B7RP-1-Fc were not dependent on immunization. Our data support a model in which ICOS costimulation augments the pool of lymphocytes in the draining lymph nodes, leading to an increase in the frequency of potentially reactive T and B cells. 相似文献