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Structure of the gas vesicle plasmid in Halobacterium halobium: inversion isomers, inverted repeats, and insertion sequences. 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Halobacterium-halobium NRC-1 harbors a 200-kb plasmid, pNRC100, which contains a cluster of genes for synthesis of buoyant gas-filled vesicles. Physical mapping of pNRC100 by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed the presence of a large (35 to 38-kb) inverted repeat (IR) sequence. Inversion isomers of pNRC100 were demonstrated by Southern hybridization analysis using two restriction enzymes, AflII and SfiI, that cut asymmetrically within the intervening small single-copy region and the large single-copy region, respectively, but not within the large IRs. No inversion isomers were observed for a deletion derivative of pNRC100 lacking one IR, which suggests that both copies are required for inversion to occur. Additionally, the identities and approximate positions of 17 insertion sequences (IS) in pNRC100 were determined by Southern hybridization and limited nucleotide sequence analysis across the IS element-target site junctions: ISH2, a 0.5-kb element, was found in four copies; ISH3, a 1.4-kb heterogeneous family of elements, was present in seven copies; ISH8, a 1.4-kb element, was found in five copies; and ISH50, a 1.0-kb element, was present in a single copy. The large IRs terminated at an ISH2 element at one end and an ISH3 element at the other end. pNRC100 is similar in structure to chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, which contain large IRs and other large halobacterial and prokaryotic plasmids that are reservoirs of IS elements but lack the large IRs. 相似文献
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The actin cortex is an active adaptive material, embedded with complex regulatory networks that can sense, generate, and transmit mechanical forces. The cortex exhibits a wide range of dynamic behaviours, from generating pulsatory contractions and travelling waves to forming organised structures. Despite the progress in characterising the biochemical and mechanical components of the actin cortex, the emergent dynamics of this mechanochemical system is poorly understood. Here we develop a reaction-diffusion model for the RhoA signalling network, the upstream regulator for actomyosin assembly and contractility, coupled to an active actomyosin gel, to investigate how the interplay between chemical signalling and mechanical forces regulates stresses and patterns in the cortex. We demonstrate that mechanochemical feedback in the cortex acts to destabilise homogeneous states and robustly generate pulsatile contractions. By tuning active stress in the system, we show that the cortex can generate propagating contraction pulses, form network structures, or exhibit topological turbulence. 相似文献
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Pavana M. Hegde Arijit Dutta Shiladitya Sengupta Joy Mitra Sanjay Adhikari Alan E. Tomkinson Guo-Min Li Istvan Boldogh Tapas K. Hazra Sankar Mitra Muralidhar L. Hegde 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(34):20919-20933
The human DNA glycosylase NEIL1 was recently demonstrated to initiate prereplicative base excision repair (BER) of oxidized bases in the replicating genome, thus preventing mutagenic replication. A significant fraction of NEIL1 in cells is present in large cellular complexes containing DNA replication and other repair proteins, as shown by gel filtration. However, how the interaction of NEIL1 affects its recruitment to the replication site for prereplicative repair was not investigated. Here, we show that NEIL1 binarily interacts with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen clamp loader replication factor C, DNA polymerase δ, and DNA ligase I in the absence of DNA via its non-conserved C-terminal domain (CTD); replication factor C interaction results in ∼8-fold stimulation of NEIL1 activity. Disruption of NEIL1 interactions within the BERosome complex, as observed for a NEIL1 deletion mutant (N311) lacking the CTD, not only inhibits complete BER in vitro but also prevents its chromatin association and reduced recruitment at replication foci in S phase cells. This suggests that the interaction of NEIL1 with replication and other BER proteins is required for efficient repair of the replicating genome. Consistently, the CTD polypeptide acts as a dominant negative inhibitor during in vitro repair, and its ectopic expression sensitizes human cells to reactive oxygen species. We conclude that multiple interactions among BER proteins lead to large complexes, which are critical for efficient BER in mammalian cells, and the CTD interaction could be targeted for enhancing drug/radiation sensitivity of tumor cells. 相似文献
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