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41.
Qizhong Wang 《Biological cybernetics》1987,57(1-2):95-101
Based on the analogy between mathematical optimization and molecular evolution and on Eigen's quasi-species model of molecular evolution, an evolutionary algorithm for combinatorial optimization has been developed. This algorithm consists of a versatile variation scheme and an innovative decision rule, the essence of which lies in a radical revision of the conventional philosophy of optimization: A number of configurations of variables with better values, instead of only a single best configuration, are selected as starting points for the next iteration. As a result the search proceeds in parallel along a number of routes and is unlikely to get trapped in local optima. An important innovation of the algorithm is introduction of a constraint to let the starting points always keep a certain distance from each other so that the search is able to cover a larger region of space effectively. The main advantage of the algorithm is that it has more chances to find the global optimum and as many local optima as possible in a single run. This has been demonstrated in preliminary computational experiments. 相似文献
42.
43.
DNA replication in maize leaf protoplasts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Wang Adrian J. Cutler M. Saleem Larry C. Fowke 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1989,18(1):33-46
Maize leaf protoplasts were investigated for their metabolic competence and capacity to synthesize DNA. When protoplasts were incubated at elevated temperatures, they exhibited a heat shock response with specific proteins being preferentially synthesized. This indicated that the protoplasts were fully metabolically functional and capable of responding to environmental stimuli. Significant DNA synthesis was observed in these protoplasts after incorporation of 3H-thymidine into chromatin by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and by incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), an analog of thymidine, detected by immunofluorescence. The immunocytochemical method revealed that about 50% of nuclei in the maize leaf protoplasts were labelled after 3 days of culture and that most of these nuclei were labelled as intensely as normal mitotic cells. Aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase-, decreased the percentage of labelled nuclei, demonstrating that the labelling was substantially due to replicative DNA synthesis. However, chromosome condensation was not observed. It is proposed that these protoplasts are capable of DNA synthesis, but incapable of nuclear division. Effects of media additives on the number of nuclei entering S phase in these protoplasts were also assessed by the immunocytochemical method. Inclusion of 80mM Ca2+ in the enzyme solution increased protoplast yield and also appeared beneficial to DNA synthesis. The antioxidant, n-propyl gallate, which was used to stabilize the protoplasts, delayed the onset of DNA synthesis. Arginine and spermidine produced a slight increase in DNA synthesis.Abbreviations BrdU
5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine
- DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide
- n-PG
n-propyl gallate
- PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
Dedicated to Dr. Friedrich Constabel on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
44.
Urea hydrolysis by immobilized urease in a fixed-bed reactor: analysis and kinetic parameter estimation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Urea hydrolysis by urease immobilized onto ion exchange resins in a fixed-bed reactor has been studied. A modified Michaelis-Menten rate expression is used to describe the pH-dependent, substrate- and product-inhibited kinetics. Ionic equilibria of product and buffer species are included to account for pH changes generated by reaction. An isothermal, heterogeneous plug-flow reactor model has been developed. An effectiveness factor is used to describe the reaction-diffusion process within the particle phase. The procedure for covalent immobilization of urease onto macroporous cation exchangers is described. Urea conversion data are used to estimate kinetic parameters by a simplex optimization method. The best-fitted parameters are then used to predict the outlet conversions and pH values for systems with various inlet pH values, inlet urea and ammonia concentrations, buffers, particle sizes, and spacetimes. Very good agreement is obtained between experimental data and model predictions. This immobilized urease system exhibits quite different kinetic behavior from soluble urease because the pH near the enzyme active sites is different from that of the pore fluid. This effect results in a shift of the optimal pH value of the V(max) (pH) curve from 6.6 (soluble urease) to ca. 7.6 in dialysate solution, and ca. pH 8.0 in 20mM phosphate buffer. The reactor model is especially useful for estimating intrinsic kinetic parameters of immobilized enzymes and for designing urea removal columns. 相似文献
45.
Growth and death in overagitated microcarrier cell cultures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of hydrodynamic forces on cell growth are investigated for animal cells growing on microcarriers. A reduction in net growth was observed with high levels of agitation. DNA measurements indicated that the reduction in net growth was due entirely to cell death, from hydrodynamic forces. No inhibition or enhancement of cell replication appeared to occur with high levels of agitation. 相似文献
46.
Stimulation of progesterone and prostaglandin E2 production by lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The role of several lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the action of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) on ovarian hormone production was investigated. Like LHRH, treatment of rat granulosa cells with 5-HETE, 5-HPETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE or 15-HPETE stimulated progesterone (P) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. 12-HEPE was most potent and stimulated P and PGE2 equally well. By contrast, 5-HETE stimulated P better than PGE2, while 15-HETE was a potent stimulator of PGE2 but not of P. Stimulation of P and PGE2 by LHRH or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was further augmented by several HETEs and HPETEs. Like protein kinase C, arachidonic acid metabolites appear to mediate the multiple actions of LHRH in the ovary. 相似文献
47.
X Wang N Sato M A Greer S E Greer S McAdams 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1989,163(1):471-475
The permeant molecules, urea and glycerol, evoked a prompt secretory burst of TSH and PRL when added to the extracellular medium of acutely dispersed anterior pituitary cells. Secretion of both hormones was proportional to the concentration of urea or glycerol between 26 and 104 mM (r greater than 0.89, P less than 0.001). Equivalent concentrations of the impermeant molecule, mannitol, did not induce secretion. The acute TSH and PRL secretory responses to TRH, hyposmolarity, and permeant molecules were qualitatively indistinguishable. These data support our hypothesis that cell swelling and resultant plasmalemma expansion is a potent inducer of hormone secretion. Since the secretory response to permeant molecules was not reduced in a Ca2+-free medium containing 0.1 mM EGTA, an increase in Ca2+ transport across the plasmalemma to raise cytosol Ca2+ concentration does not appear involved. 相似文献
48.
L F Wang R H Doi L F Chuang B I Osburn J Maisonnave E Benjamini R Y Chuang 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1989,162(2):892-899
The cDNA coding for the major nonstructural protein, NS1, of bluetongue serotype 17 (BTV-17) was cloned previously. Using pUC plasmids, we have successfully expressed the NS1 protein in Escherichia coli as a LacZ-NS1 fusion protein. The recombinant NS1 protein reacted with rabbit anti-BTV-17 antiserum, and was thus immunologically indistinguishable from the native BTV-17 NS1 protein. This was the first bluetongue viral protein to be produced in a bacterial system. 相似文献
49.